Angiotensin II type 1a receptors in subfornical organ contribute towards chronic intermittent hypoxia-associated sustained increase in mean arterial pressure

Saxena, Ashwini; Little, Joel T.; Nedungadi, T. Prashant; Cunningham, J. Thomas

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00747.2014

Cited by 38 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…AP-1 is a transcription factor, comprising Fos and Jun subunits [144], that regulates gene expression and neuroplasticity and is implicated in several chronic cardiovascular [145] and psychiatric illnesses [144]. AP-1 has been shown to increase its DNA binding in response to exposure to lithium and valproic acid [146,147,148] and increase the translation of AP-1-regulated genes in vitro and in vivo [39,116].…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Protein Kinase C in Bipolar Disorder: A Review of the Current Literature

et al. 2017

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Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major health problem. It causes significant morbidity and imposes a burden on the society. Available treatments help a substantial proportion of patients but are not beneficial for an estimated 40-50%. Thus, there is a great need to further our understanding the pathophysiology of BD to identify new therapeutic avenues. The preponderance of evidence pointed towards a role of protein kinase C (PKC) in BD. We reviewed the literature pertinent to the role of PKC in BD. We present recent advances from preclinical and clinical studies that further support the role of PKC. Moreover, we discuss the role of PKC on synaptogenesis and neuroplasticity in the context of BD. The recent development of animal models of BD, such as stimulant-treated and paradoxical sleep deprivation, and the ability to intervene pharmacologically provide further insights into the involvement of PKC in BD. In addition, the effect of PKC inhibitors, such as tamoxifen, in the resolution of manic symptoms in patients with BD further points in that direction. Furthermore, a wide variety of growth factors influence neurotransmission through several molecular pathways that involve downstream effects of PKC. Our current understanding identifies the PKC pathway as a potential therapeutic avenue for BD.

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Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Protein Kinase C in Bipolar Disorder: A Review of the Current Literature

et al. 2017

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“…Supporting the idea that peripheral Ang II plays a role in CIH-induced hypertension, knockdown of AT1a receptors in the SFO via an AAV prevents the sustained component of hypertension from CIH [36]. In addition to the functional effect, the knockdown decreased the expression of ΔFosB in the downstream regions of the MnPO and PVN of rats.…”

Section: Maintaining Hypertension—forebrainmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…rSNA leads to increased plasma renin activity (PRA), and through the renin angiotensin system (RAS), elevated circulating Ang II peripherally [36]. …”

Section: Maintaining Hypertension—hindbrainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural Control of Blood Pressure in Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia

2016

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Sleep apnea (SA) is increasing in prevalence and is commonly comorbid with hypertension. Chronic intermittent hypoxia is used to model the arterial hypoxemia seen in SA, and through this paradigm, the mechanisms that underlie SA-induced hypertension are becoming clear. Cyclic hypoxic exposure during sleep chronically stimulates the carotid chemoreflexes, inducing sensory long-term facilitation, and drives sympathetic outflow from the hindbrain. The elevated sympathetic tone drives hypertension and renal sympathetic activity to the kidneys resulting in increased plasma renin activity and eventually angiotensin II (Ang II) peripherally. Upon waking, when respiration is normalized, the sympathetic activity does not diminish. This is partially because of adaptations leading to overactivation of the hindbrain regions controlling sympathetic outflow such as the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). The sustained sympathetic activity is also due to enhanced synaptic signaling from the forebrain through the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). During the waking hours, when the chemoreceptors are not exposed to hypoxia, the forebrain circumventricular organs (CVOs) are stimulated by peripherally circulating Ang II from the elevated plasma renin activity. The CVOs and median preoptic nucleus chronically activate the PVN due to the Ang II signaling. All together, this leads to elevated nocturnal mean arterial pressure (MAP) as a response to hypoxemia, as well as inappropriately elevated diurnal MAP in response to maladaptations.

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“…Angiotensin II (AngII) is synthesised during dehydration and in response low blood pressure and mediatest its physiological effects in this system via type‐1 angiotensin II receptors (AT 1 ‐Rs) . AngII activates neurones in the subfornical organ, PVN and SON, to promote hydration and AVP release . AT 1 ‐R are expressed on both neurones and astrocytes, with both cell types displaying increases in Ca 2+ signalling in response to AngII treatment .…”

Section: Astrocytes and The Neuroendocrine Regulation Of Fluid Homeosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytes in neuroendocrine systems: An overview

Macdonald

Robb

Morrissey

et al. 2019

J Neuroendocrinology

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A class of glial cell, astrocytes, is highly abundant in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to maintaining tissue homeostasis, astrocytes regulate neuronal communication and synaptic plasticity. There is an ever‐increasing appreciation that astrocytes are involved in the regulation of physiology and behaviour in normal and pathological states, including within neuroendocrine systems. Indeed, astrocytes are direct targets of hormone action in the CNS, via receptors expressed on their surface, and are also a source of regulatory neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and gliotransmitters. Furthermore, as part of the neurovascular unit, astrocytes can regulate hormone entry into the CNS. This review is intended to provide an overview of how astrocytes are impacted by and contribute to the regulation of a diverse range of neuroendocrine systems: energy homeostasis and metabolism, reproduction, fluid homeostasis, the stress response and circadian rhythms.

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Angiotensin II type 1a receptors in subfornical organ contribute towards chronic intermittent hypoxia-associated sustained increase in mean arterial pressure

Cited by 38 publications

References 54 publications

Role of Protein Kinase C in Bipolar Disorder: A Review of the Current Literature

Role of Protein Kinase C in Bipolar Disorder: A Review of the Current Literature

Neural Control of Blood Pressure in Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia

Astrocytes in neuroendocrine systems: An overview

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