Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Genotype, Exercise, and Physical Decline

Kritchevsky, Stephen B.; Nicklas, Barbara J.; Visser, Marjolein; Simonsick, Eleanor M.; Newman, Anne B.; Harris, Tamara B.; Lange, Ethan M.; Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.; Goodpaster, Bret H.; Satterfield, Suzanne; Colbert, Lisa H.; Rubin, Susan M.; Pahor, Marco

doi:10.1001/jama.294.6.691

Cited by 83 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Our results suggested the ACE I/I genotype was a possible marker for ADL disability, particularly in men. At present, previous studies addressing the role of ACE genotypes in functional decline or in decline of physical performances in older people showed inconclusive results (Frederiksen et al 2003a, b;Kritchevsky et al 2005;Giaccaglia et al 2008;Yoshihara et al 2009). In a 2-year follow-up study on elderly Danish twins, ACE genotypes were not associated with physical abilities, determined by means of ADL score and questions about demanding activities, such as running or cognitive function (Frederiksen et al 2003a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In fact, the D allele has been associated with increased muscle strength and power, whereas the I allele has been associated with improved muscular endurance (Gayagay et al 1998;Myerson et al 1999;Williams et al 2000;Charbonneau et al 2008) and cardio-respiratory performances (Guazzi et al 1999a, b;Payne and Montgomery, 2003;Tsianos et al 2004;Thompson et al 2007). However, data indicating an association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and functional decline or physical performance in older adults are still under debate (Frederiksen et al 2003a, b;Kritchevsky et al 2005;Giaccaglia et al 2008;Yoshihara et al 2009). Indeed, the mechanisms for the interesting findings on muscle performance and endurance remain unclear although some hypotheses have been suggested to include altered substrate delivery in subjects as a result of modulated cardiac output and muscle vascularisation (Montgomery et al 1998), both of which ACE could mediate as a result of its role in the formation of the angiogenic and vasoactive angiotensin II peptide (de Resende et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes and disability in hospitalized older patients

Seripa

Paroni

Matera

et al. 2010

AGE

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The association between angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) genotypes and functional decline in older adults remains controversial. To assess if ACE gene variations influences functional abilities at older age, the present study explored the association between the common ACE insertion/ deletion (I/D) polymorphism and disability measured with activities of daily living (ADL) in hospitalized older patients. We analyzed the frequency of the ACE genotypes (I/I, I/D, and D/D) in a population of 2,128 hospitalized older patients divided according to presence or absence of ADL disability. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for possible confounding factors, identified an association between the I/I genotype with ADL disability (OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.04-2.29). This association was significant in men (OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.07-3.78), but not in women (OR=1.36, 95% CI 0.82-2.25). These results suggested a possible role of the ACE polymorphism as a genetic marker for ADL disability in hospitalized older patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes and disability in hospitalized older patients

Seripa

Paroni

Matera

et al. 2010

AGE

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“…Individual physical activity levels might influence the possible interaction between the ACE I/D polymorphism and muscle phenotypes. Kritchevsky et al (2005) studied the interaction between ACE I/D genotype, high levels of physical activity and functional decline over time (mean follow-up of~4 years) in a large cohort of well-functioning community-dwelling old men. Physically active participants (i.e.…”

Section: Longitudinal Genetic Association Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes and the ageing muscle: a review on genetic association studies

Garatachea

Lucía

2011

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Western populations are living longer. Ageing decline in muscle mass and strength (i.e. sarcopenia) is becoming a growing public health problem, as it contributes to the decreased capacity for independent living. It is thus important to determine those genetic factors that interact with ageing and thus modulate functional capacity and skeletal muscle phenotypes in older people. It would be also clinically relevant to identify 'unfavourable' genotypes associated with accelerated sarcopenia. In this review, we summarized published information on the potential associations between some genetic polymorphisms and muscle phenotypes in older people. A special emphasis was placed on those candidate polymorphisms that have been more extensively studied, i.e. angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) gene I/D, α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X, and myostatin (MSTN) K153R, among others. Although previous heritability studies have indicated that there is an important genetic contribution to individual variability in muscle phenotypes among old people, published data on specific gene variants are controversial. The ACTN3 R577X polymorphism could influence muscle function in old women, yet there is controversy with regards to which allele (R or X) might play a 'favourable' role. Though more research is needed, up-to-date MSTN genotype is possibly the strongest candidate to explain variance among muscle phenotypes in the elderly. Future studies should take into account the association between muscle phenotypes in this population and complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.

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“…Increased life expectancy and the subsequent growth of the elderly population have had a marked effect on the proportion of persons with some form of disability. Approximately 20% of persons aged 70 years or older report difficulty in performing essential activities of daily living (ADL), referred to as ADL disability [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If oxygen transport is indeed limited by maximal cardiac output, this may be calculated as the product of maximal heart rate and maximal stroke volume. The second possible cause for the reduction of VO 2 max with aging is the reduced capacity of working muscles to extract oxygen from the blood, as manifested by arteriovenous oxygen content difference at maximal effort [36]. The elderly are not generally anemic, and red blood cell content is usually well maintained [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal health and function among the elderly: lessening severity of ADL disability

Eynon

Chen

Ben‐Sira

et al. 2009

Eur Rev Aging Phys Act

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Despite mounting evidence implicating sedentary behavior as a significant risk factor among the elderly, there is a limited amount of information on the type and amount of activity needed to promote optimal health and function in older people. Overall muscle strength and mass decline 30-50% between the ages of 30 and 80. The loss of muscle mass accounts for most of the observed loss of strength. The loss of muscle tissue is due to a decrease in the number of muscle fibers and to atrophy of the type II muscle fibers. The declining strength reduces the capacity to carry out basic activities of daily life and puts people at risk for falls and dependence on others. The objective of the present review is to examine the role of exercise training as a primary tool for increasing cardiopulmonary and muscular fitness in order to lessen the severity of disability in activities of daily living and to attain optimal health and functioning among the elderly.

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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Genotype, Exercise, and Physical Decline

Abstract: Among older individuals who exercised, those with the ACE DD or ID genotypes were less likely to develop mobility limitation than those with the II genotype. Regardless of genotype, individuals who exercised were less likely to develop mobility limitation than those who did not exercise.

Cited by 83 publications

References 62 publications

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes and disability in hospitalized older patients

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes and disability in hospitalized older patients

Genes and the ageing muscle: a review on genetic association studies

Optimal health and function among the elderly: lessening severity of ADL disability

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