Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphisms and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage: A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies

Abstract

Studies investigating the association between the intron 16 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs4646994) in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have reported conflicting results. We here performed a meta-analysis based on the evidence currently available from the literature to make a more precise estimation of this relationship. Published literature from the National Library of Medline and Embase databases were retrieved. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence limits (CLs) were calculated in fixed-or random-effects models when appropriate. Subgroup analyses were performed by race. This meta-analysis included six case-control studies, which included 744 ICH cases and 1411 controls. The combined results based on all studies showed that ICH cases had a significantly lower frequency of ID genotype (OR (codominant model) = 0.43, 95% CL = 0.22, 0.84, p = 0.01). In the subgroup analysis by race, we found that ICH cases had a significantly lower frequency of II genotype in Asians (OR (recessive model) = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.38, 0.66, p < 0.001; OR (codominant model) = 0.25, 95% CL = 0.09, 0.71, p = 0.009). In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that ACE I/D polymorphisms are associated with ICH, especially in Asians.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism associated with allergic rhinitis susceptibility: Evidence from 1410 subjects

“…The ACE I/D polymorphism is defined in the light of the presence (insertion, I) or absence (deletion, D) of a 287 bp repeat sequence within intron 16 of the ACE gene. 15,16 ACE I/D polymorphism which plays a critical role in regulating ACE protein expression and is crucial in atopy, may influence the strength of immunological response and has been reported to be associated with atopic disorders, inflammatory diseases and cancers. [17][18][19][20][21][22] To date, a series of studies have focused on the relation between ACE I/D polymorphism and AR risk.…”