Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic

Cüre, Erkan; Cüre, Medine Cumhur

doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.019

Cited by 114 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The COVID‐19 infection becomes more severe especially in elderly, hypertensive, diabetic and obese patients and smokers 59 . Particularly in the presence of diabetes mellitus and accompanying comorbid conditions such as hypertension, obesity, old age and smoking, cytosolic pH is low, thus the virus easily may enter the cell by attaching to ACE2 60,61 . Especially in elderly patients with diabetes, COVID‐19 infection will be more severe since cytosolic pH is lower 61 .…”

Section: Interplay Between Vitamin D and Ace2: Proposed Potential Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly in the presence of diabetes mellitus and accompanying comorbid conditions such as hypertension, obesity, old age and smoking, cytosolic pH is low, thus the virus easily may enter the cell by attaching to ACE2 60,61 . Especially in elderly patients with diabetes, COVID‐19 infection will be more severe since cytosolic pH is lower 61 . Recently, it has been reported that CVD or RAS blockade medications may increase ACE2 levels, augmenting available substrate for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection 62 .…”

Section: Interplay Between Vitamin D and Ace2: Proposed Potential Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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A brief review of interplay between vitamin D and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2: Implications for a potential treatment for COVID‐19

Mahdavi

2020

Reviews in Medical Virology

120

108

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Summary The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is rapidly expanding and causing many deaths all over the world with the World Health Organization (WHO) declaring a pandemic in March 2020. Current therapeutic options are limited and there is no registered and/or definite treatment or vaccine for this disease or the causative infection, severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 syndrome (SARS‐CoV‐2). Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a part of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS), serves as the major entry point into cells for SARS‐CoV‐2 which attaches to human ACE2, thereby reducing the expression of ACE2 and causing lung injury and pneumonia. Vitamin D, a fat‐soluble‐vitamin, is a negative endocrine RAS modulator and inhibits renin expression and generation. It can induce ACE2/Ang‐(1‐7)/MasR axis activity and inhibits renin and the ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis, thereby increasing expression and concentration of ACE2, MasR and Ang‐(1‐7) and having a potential protective role against acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Therefore, targeting the unbalanced RAS and ACE2 down‐regulation with vitamin D in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is a potential therapeutic approach to combat COVID‐19 and induced ARDS.

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Section: Interplay Between Vitamin D and Ace2: Proposed Potential Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interplay Between Vitamin D and Ace2: Proposed Potential Thementioning

confidence: 99%

A brief review of interplay between vitamin D and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2: Implications for a potential treatment for COVID‐19

Mahdavi

2020

Reviews in Medical Virology

120

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A favorable condition for the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into a cell is a low cytosolic pH, which is typical for diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity. In people of older age groups and for those suffering from nicotine addiction, the cytosolic pH is also lowered [ 38 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptides: Prospects for Use in the Treatment of COVID-19

et al. 2020

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There is a vast practice of using antimalarial drugs, RAS inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, inhibitors of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the virus and immunosuppressants for the treatment of the severe form of COVID-19, which often occurs in patients with chronic diseases and older persons. Currently, the clinical efficacy of these drugs for COVID-19 has not been proven yet. Side effects of antimalarial drugs can worsen the condition of patients and increase the likelihood of death. Peptides, given their physiological mechanism of action, have virtually no side effects. Many of them are geroprotectors and can be used in patients with chronic diseases. Peptides may be able to prevent the development of the pathological process during COVID-19 by inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 virus proteins, thereby having immuno- and bronchoprotective effects on lung cells, and normalizing the state of the hemostasis system. Immunomodulators (RKDVY, EW, KE, AEDG), possessing a physiological mechanism of action at low concentrations, appear to be the most promising group among the peptides. They normalize the cytokines’ synthesis and have an anti-inflammatory effect, thereby preventing the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure.

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“…Thus, leading to balanced glucose levels and blood pressure. 50 Hence, acute hyperglycemia causes upregulation of ACE2 which, in turn, facilitates the entry of the virus, and thus acts as a promotor of infection (►Fig. 4).…”

Section: Covid-19 and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Comorbidities with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Review

Mitra

Suri

Goyal

et al. 2020

Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India)

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AbstractThe novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started with few cases of pneumonia of unknown origin in Wuhan, China. It has now become one of the significant public health emergencies of all time. Within 5 months of its existence, it has led to a significant impact on national and international policies. Apart from being a medical emergency, it is also affecting the global economy, and without proper measures, it may have severely impact the socioeconomic statuses of individuals. It has profoundly challenged the healthcare infrastructure, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. Every nation is trying to safeguard its population and the health workers as adequately as possible. While we still wait for the development of an absolute cure in the form of a vaccine, preventive measures have taken the lead in reducing the disease spread and breaking the chain of transmission. The knowledge gained from the clinical characteristics of patients has suggested markers or comorbid conditions that may aid in the risk assessment. This narrative review aims to provide an update on SARS-CoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19, its pathogenesis, the clinical and laboratory features, and its association with several comorbid conditions that may influence the prognosis of this disease.

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 114 publications

References 10 publications

A brief review of interplay between vitamin D and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2: Implications for a potential treatment for COVID‐19

A brief review of interplay between vitamin D and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2: Implications for a potential treatment for COVID‐19

Peptides: Prospects for Use in the Treatment of COVID-19

Association of Comorbidities with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Review

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