Angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes and mortality from COVID-19: An ecological study

Aung, Ar Kar; Aitken, Tess; Teh, Bing Mei; Yu, Christiaan; Ofori‐Asenso, Richard; Chin, Ken Lee; Liew, Danny

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.012

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Contrary to these results, increased frequency of the I/I genotype was inversely correlated with susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and consequent mortality in European and Asian countries (Yamamoto et al, 2020). Similarly, an ecological study reported that increased I/I genotype frequency was significantly associated with decreased Covid‐19 mortality in 25 countries from different geographical regions of the world (Aung et al, 2020).…”

Section: Angiotensin‐converting Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with increased severity of Covid‐19

Yildirim

Sahin

Yazar

et al. 2021

Cell Biology International

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Since December 2019, a new form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from a novel strain of coronavirus (SARS coronavirus 2 [SARS‐CoV‐2]) has been spreading worldwide. The disease caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 was named Covid‐19 and declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Clinical symptoms of Covid‐19 range from common cold to more severe disease defined as pneumonia, hypoxia, and severe respiratory distress. In the next stage, disease can become more critical with respiratory failure, sepsis, septic shock, and/or multiorgan failure. Outcomes of Covid‐19 indicate large gaps between the male–female and the young–elder groups. Several theories have been proposed to explain variations, such as gender, age, comorbidity, and genetic factors. It is likely that mixture of genetic and nongenetic factors interplays between virus and host genetics and determines the severity of disease outcome. In this review, we aimed to summarize current literature in terms of potential host genetic and epigenetic factors that associated with increased severity of Covid‐19. Several studies indicated that the genetic variants of the SARS‐CoV‐2 entry mechanism‐related (angiotensin‐converting enzymes, transmembrane serine protease‐2, furin) and host innate immune response‐related genes (interferons [IFNs], interleukins, toll‐like receptors), and human leukocyte antigen, ABO, 3p21.31, and 9q34.2 loci are critical host determinants related to Covid‐19 severity. Epigenetic mechanisms also affect Covid‐19 outcomes by regulating IFN signaling, angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2, and immunity‐related genes that particularly escape from X chromosome inactivation. Enhanced understanding of host genetic and epigenetic factors and viral interactions of SARS‐CoV‐2 is critical for improved prognostic tools and innovative therapeutics.

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Section: Angiotensin‐converting Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with increased severity of Covid‐19

Yildirim

Sahin

Yazar

et al. 2021

Cell Biology International

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“… 1 In COVID-19 infection, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) pathway is thought to play an important role in the development of ARDS and aggravation of the clinical picture. 2 Theoretically, in COVID-19, the angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 (ACE1)/angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) balance is disturbed due to overexpression of the ACE1 receptor and down-regulation of the ACE2 receptor. Disruption of this balance results in excessive RAS activation, and lung damage occurs with excessive production of angiotensin II.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 gene insertion/deletion polymorphism may be associated with COVID-19 clinical severity: a prospective cohort study

et al. 2021

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BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism may play a role in the pathogenesis of coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19). OBJECTIVES: Investigate the relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism and the clinical severity of COVID-19. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included COVID-19 patients with asymptomatic, mild, and severe disease with clinical data and whole blood samples collected from 1 April 2020 to 1 July 2020. ACE I/D genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: ACE DD, DI and II genotypes frequencies. SAMPLE SIZE: 90 cases, 30 in each disease severity group. RESULTS: Age and the frequency of general comorbidity increased significantly from the asymptomatic disease group to the severe disease group. Advanced age, diabetes mellitus and presence of ischemic heart disease were independent risk factors for severe COVID-19 [OR and 95 % CI: 1.052 (1.021-1.083), 5.204 (1.006-26.892) and 5.922 (1.109-31.633), respectively]. The ACE II genotype was the dominant genotype (50%) in asymptomatic patients, while the DD genotype was the dominant genotype (63.3 %) in severe disease. The ACE II geno-type was protective against severe COVID-19 [OR and 95% CI: .323 (.112-.929)]. All nine patients (8.9%) who died had severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical severity of COVID-19 infection may be associated with the ACE I/D polymorphism. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and single center. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

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“…The majority of evidence supports a relationship of ACE I/D polymorphism and clinical outcome of ARDS [ [302] , [303] , [304] ]. ACE I/D polymorphism appears to be also associated with the severity of ARDS in patients infected with SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 [ 135 , 302 , 303 , [305] , [306] , [307] ]. Analysis of patient cohorts infected with SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 suggests that polymorphism in ACE2 is not associated with the clinical outcome of ARDS [ 305 , 308 , 309 ].…”

Section: The Roles Of Ace2 and Angiotensin II In Coronavirus-induced mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional angiotensin converting enzyme 2, the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, and critical appraisal of its role in acute lung injury

Öz¹,

Lorke²

2021

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

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Angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes and mortality from COVID-19: An ecological study

Abstract: Highlights Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes may influence COVID-19 mortality. II genotype frequency was significantly associated with decreased mortality. Association between increased mortality and DD genotype frequency was not detected.

Cited by 33 publications

References 26 publications

Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with increased severity of Covid‐19

Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with increased severity of Covid‐19

Angiotensin-converting enzyme-1 gene insertion/deletion polymorphism may be associated with COVID-19 clinical severity: a prospective cohort study

Multifunctional angiotensin converting enzyme 2, the SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, and critical appraisal of its role in acute lung injury

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