Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme (ACE): Relationship to Insulin‐dependent Diabetes and Microangiopathy

Toop, M; Dallinger, K. J. C.; Jennings, P.E.; Barnett, A H

doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.1986.tb00790.x

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These findings contrast the findings of Toop et al reporting that ACE activity in diabetics with increased albumin excretion was insignificantly elevated as compared to normoalbuminuric diabetics and that there was no correlation with glycosylated haemoglobin [6]. ACE values obtained for the IDDM patients were correlated with the clinical and laboratory findings.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

“…These results are in agreement with the finding of Schernthaner et al [5] and Toop et al [6], showing that mean ACE activity was not different in IDDM patients with and without retinopathy, and in contrast with the finding that a positive correlation was found between severe retinopathy and ACE activity in a mixed population of type I and II diabetes mellitus [4]. Thus, deterioration of retinal status was not accompanied by an increase of ACE activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Increased serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in type T insulin—dependent diabetes mellitus: its relation to metabolic control and diabetic complications

Dyk

Erman

et al. 1994

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was measured in 150 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and 72 healthy subjects by radioassay, using [3H]-hippuryl-glycyl-glycine as a substrate. Mean (SD) serum ACE activity in diabetic patients was 120 +/- 33 nmol ml-1 min-1 (range 46-215) and was significantly increased by 56% compared to control values (77 +/- 23 nmol ml-1 min-1, range 46-125, P < 0.001). ACE activity > 125 nmol ml-1 min-1 was observed in 60 of 150 IDDM patients. 96 IDDM patients were normoalbuminuric (< 22 mg 24 h-1) and 49 patients were micro- or macroalbuminuric (range 22-6010 mg 24 h-1). Micro- and macroalbuminuric IDDM patients were found to have significantly greater ACE activity values than normoalbuminuric patients (128 +/- 36 vs. 115 +/- 30 nmol ml-1 min-1, P = 0.025). Metabolically well-controlled IDDM patients (glycosylated haemoglobin < or = 8%) had lower ACE activity values than the patients with glycosylated haemoglobin greater than 8% (109 +/- 20 vs. 127 +/- 32 nmol ml-1 min-1, P < 0.02). A significant correlation between degree of metabolic control and ACE activity was found (r = 0.435, P < 0.001) so that an increase in one glycosylated quartile unit is accompanied by an increase in ACE activity of 10.5 nmol ml-1 min-1. Thus ACE activity in the serum of IDDM patients was increased by 56% in 40% of the patients. It was increased in IDDM patients without complications and in patients with retinopathy or nephropathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Increased serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in type T insulin—dependent diabetes mellitus: its relation to metabolic control and diabetic complications

Dyk

Erman

et al. 1994

Eur J Clin Investigation

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“…As reported in this paper, previous results obtained in our laboratory showed no change in Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in the diabetic groups relative to the normal groups [19]. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activities have been suggested as an indicator of microangiopathy in diabetics [38,39] and our finding that angiotensin-converting enzyme activities were unchanged in the diabetic-treated group implies that treatment with B. forficata decoction did not give rise to any increase in the microangiopathy that may have been present in the rats (Figure 5). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Evaluation of toxicity after one-months treatment with Bauhinia forficata decoction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Pepato

Baviera

Vendramini

et al. 2004

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundPrevious experiments have shown that a decoction of Bauhinia forficata leaves reduces the changes in carbohydrate and protein metabolism that occur in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In the present investigation, the serum activities of enzymes known to be reliable toxicity markers were monitored in normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats to discover whether the use of B. forficata decoction has toxic effects on liver, muscle or pancreas tissue or on renal microcirculation.MethodsAn experimental group of normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats received an aqueous decoction of fresh B. forficata leaves (150 g/L) by mouth for 33 days while a control group of normal and diabetic rats received water for the same length of time. The serum activity of the toxicity markers lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, amylase, angiotensin-converting enzyme and bilirubin were assayed before receiving B. forficata decoction and on day 19 and 33 of treatment.ResultsThe toxicity markers in normal and diabetic rats were not altered by the diabetes itself nor by treatment with decoction. Whether or not they received B. forficata decoction the normal rats showed a significant increase in serum amylase activity during the experimental period while there was a tendency for the diabetic rats, both treated and untreated with decoction, to have lower serum amylase activities than the normal rats.ConclusionsAdministration of an aqueous decoction of B. forficata is a potential treatment for diabetes and does not produce toxic effects measurable with the enzyme markers used in our study.

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“…It has been suggested that because of a high level of angiotensin converting enzyme in diabetics (possibly reflecting microvascular damage in retina and kidney), 169 angiotensin II levels may not be low, even when PRA is suppressed. 56 On the other hand, some investigators have observed low concentrations of angiotensin II despite high levels of converting enzyme.…”

Section: Renin-angiotensin Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

Epstein¹,

Sowers²

1992

Hypertension

532

271

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Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are common diseases that coexist at a greater frequency than chance alone would predict Hypertension in the diabetic individual markedly increases the risk and accelerates the course of cardiac disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Our understanding of the factors that markedly increase the frequency of hypertension in the diabetic individual remains incomplete. Diabetic nephropathy is an important factor involved in the development of hypertension in diabetics, particularly type I patients. However, the etiology of hypertension in the majority of diabetic patients cannot be explained by underlying renal disease and remains "essential" in nature. The hallmark of hypertension in type I and type II diabetics appears to be increased peripheral vascular resistance. Increased exchangeable sodium may also play a role in the pathogenesis of blood pressure in diabetics. There is increasing evidence that insulin resistance/ hyperinsulinemia may play a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in both subtle and overt abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism. Population studies suggest that elevated insulin levels, which often occurs in type II diabetes mellitus, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Other cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic individuals include abnormalities of lipid metabolism, platelet function, and clotting factors. The goal of antihypertensive therapy in the patient with coexistent diabetes is to reduce the inordinate cardiovascular risk as well as lowering blood pressure. (Hypertension 1992;19:403-418) KEY WORDS • diabetes mellitus • diabetic nephropathy • essential hypertension • kidney failure D iabetes mellitus and hypertension are two of the most common diseases in Westernized, industrialized civilizations, and the frequency of both diseases increases with increasing age. 1 -9 An estimated 2.5 to 3 million Americans have both diabetes and hypertension.10 Although diabetes mellitus is associated with a considerably increased cardiovascular risk, 11 -18 the presence of hypertension in the diabetic individual markedly increases morbidity and mortality 5. 10, 19 p r o m d a ta drawn from death certificates, hypertension has been implicated in 44% of deaths coded to diabetes, and diabetes is involved in 10% of deaths coded to hypertension. 20 It has been estimated that 35-75% of diabetic complications can be attributed to hypertension.10 In contrast, the absence of hypertension is the usual finding in long-term survivors of diabetes. 21-22 Thus, the coexistence of these two diseases likely contributes substantially to overall mortality in industrialized societies. Despite the critical importance of the coexistence of these two diseases, much information regarding their interaction remains unclear and controversial. Nevertheless, much information of theoretical and practical relevance is available, and there is considerable ongoing research exploring the relation between carbohydrate intolerance and h...

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Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme (ACE): Relationship to Insulin‐dependent Diabetes and Microangiopathy

Cited by 28 publications

References 17 publications

Increased serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in type T insulin—dependent diabetes mellitus: its relation to metabolic control and diabetic complications

Increased serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity in type T insulin—dependent diabetes mellitus: its relation to metabolic control and diabetic complications

Evaluation of toxicity after one-months treatment with Bauhinia forficata decoction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

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