Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and SARS-CoV-2: Potential therapeutic targeting

Sharifkashani, Sourena; Bafrani, Melika Arab; Khaboushan, Alireza Soltani; Pirzadeh, Marzieh; Kheirandish, Ali; Yavarpour-Bali, Hanie; Hessami, Amirhossein; Saghazadeh, Amene; Rezaei, Nima

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173455

Cited by 60 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…In December 2019, unusual pneumonia made the Chinese health services investigate the origins of the disease. The data from the first cases showed a new coronavirus (CoV) that resembles the causative virus of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and so coined the name SARS-CoV-2 [29][30][31]. A broad range of non-specific options, including anti-viral agents [32][33][34][35], plasma therapy [36], statins [37], dietary strategies for immunoregulation [38], and antiinflammatory protocols [27,39,40], is available with varying therapeutic ability in cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Neurological Manifestations In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensing surfaces and therapeutic biomaterials for the central nervous system in COVID-19

Saghazadeh

Rezaei

2021

emergent mater.

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COVID-19 can affect the central nervous system (CNS) indirectly by inflammatory mechanisms and even directly enter the CNS. Thereby, COVID-19 can evoke a range of neurosensory conditions belonging to infectious, inflammatory, demyelinating, and degenerative classes. A broad range of non-specific options, including anti-viral agents and anti-inflammatory protocols, is available with varying therapeutic. Due to the high mortality and morbidity in COVID-19–related brain damage, some changes to these general protocols, however, are necessary for ensuring the delivery of therapeutic(s) to the specific components of the CNS to meet their specific requirements. The biomaterials approach permits crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and drug delivery in a more accurate and sustained manner. Beyond the BBB, drugs can protect neural cells, stimulate endogenous stem cells, and induce plasticity more effectively. Biomaterials for cell delivery exist, providing an efficient tool to improve cell retention, survival, differentiation, and integration. This paper will review the potentials of the biomaterials approach for the damaged CNS in COVID-19. It mainly includes biomaterials for promoting synaptic plasticity and modulation of inflammation in the post-stroke brain, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, and conductive biomaterials to facilitate neural regeneration, and artificial nerve conduits for treatment of neuropathies. Also, biosensing surfaces applicable to the first sensory interface between the host and the virus that encourage the generation of accelerated anti-viral immunity theoretically offer hope in solving COVID-19.

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Section: Neurological Manifestations In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensing surfaces and therapeutic biomaterials for the central nervous system in COVID-19

Saghazadeh

Rezaei

2021

emergent mater.

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“…plant Artemisia annua could act on ACE2 receptors [20] . Several studies have reported that strategies to block receptors so that SARS-COV-2 does not adhere to ACE2 would be a great way to control the SARS-COV-2 pandemic [21] . Further studies are needed to verify the possible mechanisms of action of these plants in the metabolism of ACE2, as we can see below [20] .…”

Section: Spike Protein In Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with SARS-CoV-2 [22] . However, these comprehensive studies are not available in countries with a solid background in the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of broad-spectrum diseases [21] . China has an excellent track record in using traditional plant-based formulations for successfully treating SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in the Guangdong Province between 2002 through mid-2003 [23] .…”

Section: Several Studies Have Highlighted the Role Of Traditional Chimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, although the precise information on the nature and composition of these plants and their mode of action is not available, their secondary metabolites have been attracting the attention of the scientific community as these metabolites have to impact bioactive properties to control viral replication [24] . India is another country that depended predominantly on herbal medicines under different domain names such as Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani [21] . According to researchers, although the advent of allopathic medicines has decreased the prevalence of herbal treatments, the current pandemic emphasizes the need to review these plants and study them using advanced tools and approaches [25] .…”

Section: Several Studies Have Highlighted the Role Of Traditional Chimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to researchers, although the advent of allopathic medicines has decreased the prevalence of herbal treatments, the current pandemic emphasizes the need to review these plants and study them using advanced tools and approaches [25] . Innovative research is required to dissect the medicinal value of plants to identify suitable phytocomposites that can serve as possible molecules in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 [21] .…”

Section: Several Studies Have Highlighted the Role Of Traditional Chimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Possible Effects of Asiatic Herbs in SARS-COV-2 and their Mechanism of Action

2021

ajap

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In 2019, a new virus called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) gave rise to an unknown outbreak that spread in China’s Hubei province, triggering a new epidemic known as coronavirus-19 (COVID -19). Several studies have demonstrated the metabolic pathways of SARS-COV-2 in angiotensin-converting enzyme receptors 2 (ACE2). With this, others have been considering an approach with drugs that bind to ACE2 receptors as well as antiviral activity as a possible treatment option for the disease. Thus, the objective of this present review was to evaluate some Asiatic herbs for both the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Some herbs, such as the extract of Artemisia annua (Artemisinins) and the extract of Isatis indigotica (Emodin), showed to be effective as inhibitors of adhesion of some viruses. Some studies observed this in the SARS-CoV S / ACE -2 protein interaction in which it inhibited the adhesion of the virus to the cell surface. Similarly, Glycyrrhiza glabra extract (Licorice) showed significant inhibiting action on the influenza virus and was shown to be an effective antiviral in many other viruses by weakening virus activity, such as inhibiting virus gene expression and replication, reducing adhesion force and stress through the reduction of high-mobility-group box1 (HMGB1) binding to DNA. Additionally, one of the best herbs in effective concentration value (EC50) found in this study was Lycoris Radiata with EC50: 2,4 ± 0.2 μg / ml. The results presented in this review are promising in the search for prophylactic treatment in a viral pandemic such as SARS-VOC-2. However, more clinical trials to validate the processes of the effectiveness of both plants and their extracts, as well as the synergy between the plants themselves are needed to validate future herbal treatments against SARS-VOC-2.

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Synthesis, crystal structure elucidation, DFT analysis, drug‐likeness and ADMET evaluation and molecular docking studies of triazole derivatives: Binary inhibition of spike protein and ACE2 receptor protein of COVID‐19

Murugavel¹,

Vasudevan²,

Chandrasekaran³

et al. 2022

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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The recent incidence of terrible acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV‐2) has presently experienced some noteworthy mutations since its discovery in 2019 in Wuhan, China. The present research work focuses on the synthesis of three triazole derivatives (BMTPP, BMTTP, and BMTIP) and their inhibition activities against SARS‐Cov‐2 spike and ACE2 receptor proteins. The crystal structure for BMTTP was determined by the SCXRD method and optimized geometrical parameters for the three triazole derivatives were obtained by DFT calculations. HOMO‐LUMO, Global reactive descriptors [GRD], and Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) investigations exposed that all three compounds have biological properties. The drug‐likeness ability of the synthesized compounds was examined using Molinspiration and a pre‐ADMET online Server. Further, to explore the binding nature of three synthesized compounds with SARS‐Cov‐2 spike proteins/ACE2 receptor molecular docking studies were executed. The outcomes we obtained from molecular docking simulation studies suggest that the synthesized triazole derivatives may be well utilized as curing medicines against COVID‐19. Ultimately, animal tests and precise clinical tests are required to prove the potent nature of these compounds against COVID‐19. Finally, the present outcomes must be proved to utilize in‐vitro and in‐vivo antiviral methods.

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and SARS-CoV-2: Potential therapeutic targeting

Cited by 60 publications

References 60 publications

Biosensing surfaces and therapeutic biomaterials for the central nervous system in COVID-19

Biosensing surfaces and therapeutic biomaterials for the central nervous system in COVID-19

The Possible Effects of Asiatic Herbs in SARS-COV-2 and their Mechanism of Action

Synthesis, crystal structure elucidation, DFT analysis, drug‐likeness and ADMET evaluation and molecular docking studies of triazole derivatives: Binary inhibition of spike protein and ACE2 receptor protein of COVID‐19

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