Angiospermas em remanescentes de floresta montana no sul da Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

Foi realizado um levantamento florístico de três remanescentes de floresta montana localizados na Mata Atlântica do sul da Bahia. Durante os anos de 2004 a 2008 foram feitas coletas periódicas de material botânico, principalmente ao longo de trilhas no interior dos fragmentos das áreas: Reserva Serra da Pedra Lascada - SPL, Reserva Serra das Lontras - SLO e Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra Bonita - SBO. A riqueza florística em cada área foi comparada entre si e com outras áreas de Mata Atlântica na Bahia e no Sudeste do Brasil. Foi registrado um total de 1.129 espécies em 467 gêneros e 124 famílias. O hábito arbóreo representou 46,9% das espécies, seguido de herbáceas (20,1%), epífitas (19,5%) e trepadeiras (13,5%). As famílias Araceae, Asteraceae, Bromeliaceae, Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, Orchidaceae, Piperaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae e Solanaceae apresentaram a maior riqueza florística nas três áreas em conjunto. O gênero Psychotria (Rubiaceae) apresentou o maior número de espécies em todas as áreas (21 spp.), destacando-se também Miconia (20 spp.), Solanum (20 spp.), Piper (19 spp.), Ocotea (16 spp.), Leandra (16 spp.), Peperomia (15 spp.) e Myrcia (14 spp.). Os resultados confirmam a elevada riqueza de angiospermas no sul da Bahia e evidenciam, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência de espécies características de regiões montanhosas da Mata Atlântica do Sudeste do Brasil nessa região.

Floristic surveys of Restinga Forests in southern Bahia, Brazil, reveal the effects of geography on community composition

“…The species richness of the study areas were found to be similar to those of other Restinga forest surveys (Martins et al 2008;Castro et al 2012), but approximately three times lower than neighboring wet forest formations of the Atlantic domain (Amorim et al 2008;Amorim et al 2009 et al (2005) environmental filters that limit the establishment of lineages not adapted to the unique conditions of Restinga habitats. The most species rich families encountered in our surveys (Fabaceae, Myrtaceae, Sapotaceae, and Rubiaceae) were also among the most important families reported in other Restinga forest sites (Assumpção & Nascimento 2000;Assis et al 2004;Martins et al 2008;Silva et al 2008).…”

“…Myrcia and Psychotria were among the most species rich genera in the study sites, and have likewise been reported as being highly diverse genera in Restinga forests (Martins et al 2008) and other forest types in the Atlantic domain (Amorim et al 2009;Stehmann et al 2009). Aechmea, Erythroxylum, and Miconia were recorded here for the first time as being among the most diverse genera of Restinga forests.…”

Serra do Urubu, a biodiversity hot-spot for angiosperms in the northern Atlantic Forest (Pernambuco, Brazil)

“…The most diverse families in number of species in the Serra do Urubu (Orchidaceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Bromeliaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Melastomataceae and Solanaceae) were also the most species-rich in floristic studies of montane areas in southern Bahia, such as in the Serra do Corcovado (Coelho and Amorim 2014), Serra Bonita and Serra das Lontras (Amorim et al 2009;Leitman et al 2014). A similar pattern of richness was found in Una where Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Bromeliaceae, Orchidaceae and Melastomataceae were the most species-rich families, listed in descending order.…”

“…Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae especially noteworthy for their high richness and endemism. Local floristic surveys along the Atlantic Forest demonstrate that these families figure among the richest in distinct areas of this domain, but in different proportions depending on, for example, altitude, latitude, and vegetation type (Barros et al 1991;Alves-Araújo et al 2008;Amorim et al 2008Amorim et al , 2009Scheer and Kinoshita 2009;Coelho and Amorim 2014;Forzza et al 2014;Landim et al 2015).…”

Diurnal frugivores on the Bromeliaceae Aechmea depressa L.B. Sm. from Northeastern Brazil: the prominent role taken by a small forest primate

“…In the extreme northeastern region, 65.1% of the 86 sampled bromeliad species were epiphytes (Siqueira Filho & Tabarelli 2006). In the mountainous region of Southern Bahia, the epiphytism among bromeliads is extreme, representing 100% of the 53 inventoried species (Amorim et al 2009). In addition to the high representation of epiphytic bromeliads in this biome, this life form is known to constitute an important resource for various canopy-dwelling forest organisms (Nadkarni & Matelson 1989).…”