Angiosperm Phylogeny Inferred from 18S Ribosomal DNA Sequences

Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Nickrent, Daniel L.; Johnson, Leigh A.; Hahn, William J.; Hoot, Sara B.; Sweere, Jennifer A.; Kuzoff, Robert K.; Kron, Kathleen A.; Chase, Mark W.; Swensen, Susan M.; Zimmer, Elizabeth A.; Chaw, Shu‐Miaw; Gillespie, Lynn J.; Kress, W. John; Sytsma, Kenneth J.

doi:10.2307/2399952

Cited by 372 publications

(265 citation statements)

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“…Under the traditional view, the first angiosperms lacked vessels, and this condition was retained in four extant lineages (7,9,10): Winteraceae (Ϸ65 species), Amborella (1 species), Nympheales (Ϸ60 species), and Trochodendrales (Trochodendron, 1 species; Tetracentron, 1 species). Phylogenetic analyses have favored the alternative view that the first angiosperms had vessels, which were then lost in these lineages (32)(33)(34)(35). Although Amborella and Nympheales may be basal branches within angiosperms and could be primitively vesselless (34), Winteraceae, and especially Trochodendrales, are nested within clades containing plants with vessels (Winteraceae related to Canellaceae; Trochodendrales within eudicots).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal plugs ofDrimys winteri(Winteraceae) protect leaves from mist but not drought

Feild

Zwieniecki

Donoghue

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Two outstanding features of the f lowering plant family Winteraceae are the occlusion of their stomatal pores by cutin plugs and the absence of water-conducting xylem vessels. An adaptive relationship between these two unusual features has been suggested whereby stomatal plugs restrict gas exchange to compensate for the presumed poor conductivity of their vesselless wood. This hypothesized connection fueled evolutionary arguments that the vesselless condition is ancestral in angiosperms. Here we show that in Drimys winteri, a tree common to wet forests, these stomatal occlusions pose only a small fixed resistance to water loss. In addition, they modify the humidity response of guard cells such that under high evaporative demand, leaves with plugs lose water at a faster rate than leaves from which the plugs have been experimentally removed. Instead of being adaptations for drought, we present evidence that these cuticular structures function to maintain photosynthetic activity under conditions of excess water on the leaf surface. Stomatal plugs decrease leaf wettability by preventing the formation of a continuous water film that would impede diffusion of CO 2 into the leaf. Misting of leaves had no effect on photosynthetic rate of leaves with plugs, but resulted in a marked decrease (Ϸ40%) in leaves from which the plugs had been removed. These findings do not support a functional association between stomatal plugs and hydraulic competence and provide a new perspective on debates surrounding the evolution of vessels in angiosperms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal plugs ofDrimys winteri(Winteraceae) protect leaves from mist but not drought

Feild

Zwieniecki

Donoghue

et al. 1998

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Abbreviations: GYM ¼ gymnosperms; AMB ¼ Amborella; NYM ¼ Nymphaeaceae; AUS ¼ Austrobaileyales; CHL ¼ Chloranthaceae; CER ¼ Ceratophyllum; MON ¼ monocots; EUD ¼ eudicots; CAN ¼ Canellales; PIP ¼ Piperales; MAG ¼ Magnoliales; LAU ¼ Laurales; Acorus cal ¼ Acorus calamus; Acorus gra ¼ Acorus gramineus; Ceratophyllum dem ¼ Ceratophyllum demersum; Ceratophyllum sub ¼ Ceratophyllum submersum. Several early studies hinted at the possibility that one or more of the three lineages now placed at the base of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree, Amborella, Nymphaeaceae, and Austrobaileyales, could represent the earliest-diverging lineages of extant angiosperms (Donoghue and Doyle 1989;Martin and Dowd 1991;Hamby and Zimmer 1992;Qiu et al 1993;Soltis et al 1997). However, lack of strong internal support and poor resolution in parts of the topologies prevented general acceptance of those results.…”

Section: -Protein + 18smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The past 20 years have witnessed significant progress in our understanding of the phylogeny of basal angiosperms from analyses of molecular and nonmolecular data (Dahlgren and Bremer 1985;Donoghue and Doyle 1989;Loconte and Stevenson 1991;Martin and Dowd 1991;Hamby and Zimmer 1992;Taylor and Hickey 1992;Chase et al 1993;Qiu et al 1993Qiu et al , 2000Qiu et al , 2001Soltis et al 1997Soltis et al , 2000Nandi et al 1998;Hoot et al 1999;Donoghue 1999, 2000;Parkinson et al 1999;Renner 1999;Soltis et al 1999a;Barkman et al 2000;Doyle and Endress 2000;Graham and Olmstead 2000b;Savolainen et al 2000;Nickrent et al 2002;Zanis et al 2002Zanis et al , 2003Borsch et al 2003;Hilu et al 2003;Lö hne and Borsch 2005). Specifically, it has become increasingly clear that Amborella, Nymphaeaceae, and Austrobaileyales (sensu APG II 2003) represent the earliestdiverging lineages of extant angiosperms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analyses of Basal Angiosperms Based on Nine Plastid, Mitochondrial, and Nuclear Genes

Qiu¹,

Dombrovska²,

Lee³

et al. 2005

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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162

128

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DNA sequences of nine genes (plastid: atpB, matK, and rbcL; mitochondrial: atp1, matR, mtSSU, and mtLSU; nuclear: 18S and 26S rDNAs) from 100 species of basal angiosperms and gymnosperms were analyzed using parsimony, Bayesian, and maximum likelihood methods. All of these analyses support the following consensus of relationships among basal angiosperms. First, Amborella, Nymphaeaceae, and Austrobaileyales are strongly supported as a basal grade in the angiosperm phylogeny, with either Amborella or Amborella and Nymphaeales as sister to all other angiosperms. An examination of nucleotide substitution patterns of all nine genes ruled out any possibility of analytical artifacts because of RNA editing and GC-content bias in placing these taxa at the base of the angiosperm phylogeny. Second, Magnoliales are sister to Laurales and Piperales are sister to Canellales. These four orders together constitute the magnoliid clade. Finally, the relationships among Ceratophyllum, Chloranthaceae, monocots, magnoliids, and eudicots are resolved in different ways in various analyses, mostly with low support. Our study indicates caution in total evidence approaches in that some of the genes employed (e.g., mtSSU, mtLSU, and nuclear 26S rDNA) added signal that conflicted with the other genes in resolving certain parts of the phylogenetic tree.

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“…Many molecular phylogenetic investigations, often with a larger scope than Ericales, have already included Ericales representatives (e.g., Albach et al, 2001;Anderberg et al, 2002;Bremer et al, 2002;Morton et al, 1996;Savolainen et al, 2000;Soltis et al, 1997Soltis et al, , 2000. These consistently found strong support for the monophyly of the order and were able to find several supported groups of families: a balsaminoid, primuloid, ternstroemioid (Pentaphylacaceae sensu APG II), and ericoid group have strong support in addition to the relation Fouquieriaceae-Polemoniaceae, StyracaceaeDiapensiaceae, and Lecythidaceae-Sapotaceae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Conflicting phylogenies of balsaminoid families and the polytomy in Ericales: combining data in a Bayesian framework

Geuten

Smets

Schols

et al. 2004

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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The balsaminoid Ericales, namely Balsaminaceae, Marcgraviaceae, Tetrameristaceae, and Pellicieraceae have been confidently placed at the base of Ericales, but the relations among these families have been resolved differently in recent analyses. Sister to this basal group is a large polytomy comprising all other families of Ericales, which is associated with short internodes. Because there are more than 13 kb of sequences for a large sampling of representatives, a thorough examination of the available data with novel methods seemed in place. Because of its computational speed, Bayesian phylogenetics allows for the use of parameter-rich models that can accommodate differences in the evolutionary process between partitions in a simultaneous analysis. In addition, there are recently proposed Bayesian strategies of assessing incongruence between partitions. We have applied these methods to the current problems in Ericales phylogeny, taking into account reported pitfalls in Bayesian analysis such as model selection uncertainty. Based on our results we infer several, previously unresolved relationships in the order Ericales. In balsaminoid families, we find that the closest relatives of Balsaminaceae are Marcgraviaceae. In the Ericales polytomy, we find strong support for Pentaphylacaceae sensu APG II as the sister group of Maesaceae. In addition, Symplocaceae receive a position as sister to Theaceae and these families form a monophyletic group together with Styracaceae-Diapensiaceae. At the base of this clade are Actinidiaceae and Clethraceae. The positions of Ebenaceae and Lecythidaceae remain uncertain.

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Angiosperm Phylogeny Inferred from 18S Ribosomal DNA Sequences

Cited by 372 publications

References 0 publications

Stomatal plugs ofDrimys winteri(Winteraceae) protect leaves from mist but not drought

Stomatal plugs ofDrimys winteri(Winteraceae) protect leaves from mist but not drought

Phylogenetic Analyses of Basal Angiosperms Based on Nine Plastid, Mitochondrial, and Nuclear Genes

Conflicting phylogenies of balsaminoid families and the polytomy in Ericales: combining data in a Bayesian framework

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