Angiographic demonstration of congenital intercoronary communication in normal adults

Intercoronary Communication Between Left Anterior Descending Artery and Totally Occluded Right Coronary Artery

“…The conduit appears to be a continuity of the LAD and the posterior descending artery branch of the RCA. Similar communications between coronary arteries were reported as early as 1701 by Ruyschii and has been described as a coronary arch by Greenberg et al 7 They are rarely seen during coronary angiography, 1,2,4,8–17 and are usually found connecting the right and circumflex arteries.…”

“…Intercoronary communications are rare coronary anomalies with an incidence of less than 0.02% 1–5 . Intercoronary collaterals are usually smaller than 1 mm in diameter and very tortuous.…”

Coronary Artery Anomalies: Classification and ECG-gated Multi–Detector Row CT Findings with Angiographic Correlation

“…Although the adult heart normally contains a profusion of small interconnecting vessels between the two coronary arteries, they are not usually seen at angiography. However, when these direct anastomoses are large enough to be identified angiographically, they can be differentiated from collateral vessels on the basis of the prominent straight connection between the two unobstructed major arteries, often at or near the level of the crux, in contrast to the tortuous collateral vessels between the patent vessel and the obstructed vessel (46). Extracardiac Termination.-Connections may exist between the coronary arteries and extracardiac vessels (ie, the bronchial, internal mammary, pericardial, anterior mediastinal, superior and inferior phrenic, and intercostal arteries and the esophageal branch of the aorta) (13).…”

Open ended circulation pattern: A rare case of a protective coronary artery variation and review of the literature

“…anomalous origin) have been associated with fatal cardiac events [8,9]. A few number of reports in the literature are referred to this kind of coronary circulation, as a result of coronary angiography imaging [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The predominant symptom at presentation was chest pain, usually atypical and non invasive diagnostic procedures had doubtful results.…”