Angiogenic Synergistic Effect of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell Spheroids with Low-Level Light Therapy in a Model of Acute Skin Flap Ischemia

Abstract

Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) are an attractive cell source for tissue engineering. However, one obstacle to this approach is that the transplanted hASC population can decline rapidly in the recipient tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-level light therapy (LLLT) on transplanted spheroid hASCs in skin flaps of mice. hASCs were cultured in monolayers or spheroids. LLLT, hASCs, spheroids and spheroids transplanted with LLLT were applied to the skin flaps. Healing of the skin flaps was assessed by gross evaluation and by hematoxylin and eosin staining and elastin van Gieson staining. Compared with the spheroid group, skin flap healing was enhanced in the spheroid + LLLT group, including the neovascularization and regeneration of skin appendages. The survival of hASCs was enhanced by decreased apoptosis of hASCs in the skin flaps of the spheroid + LLLT group. The secretion of growth factors was stimulated in the spheroid + LLLT group compared with the ASC and spheroid groups. These data suggest that LLLT was an effective biostimulator of spheroid hASCs in the skin flaps, enhancing the survival of hASCs and stimulating the secretion of growth factors.

The Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Differentiation, Proliferation, and Migration of the Mesenchymal Stem Cell: A Review

“…After identification of CD31, CD34, vWF, and KD markers by using immunofluorescence, the differentiation of the MSCs into the endothelial cells was confirmed. 30,31 A low-power laser (wavelength: 660 nm + 20 nm, 220 V + 22 V, 50 Hz) can increase cell migration by increasing EKK1/2, and FAK which regulates cell adhesion and migration signals in cells. The studies also showed that the proliferation and viability of the MSCs increased.…”

Design of a Cytocompatible Hydrogel Coating to Modulate Properties of Ceramic-Based Scaffolds for Bone Repair

“…As the last step, we evaluated human adipose stem cell (hASCs) proliferation and osteogenic differentiation on Med Gel-Alg hydrogels. hASCs were selected in this study as a model cell line due to their high proliferative potential, ease of harvest, and inherent ability to produce angiogenic growth factors [22]. hASCs were able to adhere and proliferate on the surface of the hydrogel reaching confluency after 48 hours (Figure 3A).…”

Photobiomodulation in 3D tissue engineering

“… 22 , 73 , 74 Even more, the vascularization of model 3D hydrogel cultures and spheroids was shown, indicating the PBM ability to provide a functional interaction between implanted graft and host tissues. 23 , 75 , 76 PBM is already used in clinical practice to resolve chronic pain and enhance wound healing ( Table 1 ), proving the possibility of PBM devices certification for specific purposes. Therefore, it became clear that PBM might be a promising approach to enhance the viability of cells in a 3D system.…”

“…660-nm PBM induced a complex response in hASC spheroids, including HIF- upregulation, growth factor secretion, cytokeratin expression, angiogenesis, and vascularization in the ischemia model. 75 , 76 Irradiated DPSC cell sheets expressed high levels of fibronectin and had epithelium-like cell phenotypes. 189 These sheets also exhibited increased osteogenic differentiation.…”