Angiogenesis-modulating properties of ethanolic extract of Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin

Abstract

Objectives: Angiogenesis has been known to have a critical role in the tumour growth. Different studies indicated that angiogenesis was stimulated by hypoxia. In the present study, we assessed the anti-angiogenesis activity of ethanolic extract of Ferula assa-foetida (EEFA) on hypoxic-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Materials and Methods: The F. assa-foetida gum extract was characterised by total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC). The active compounds of EEFA were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then, cytotoxic effects of EEFA on the growth of HUVECs were assessed using MTT assay, wound healing and cell cycle analysis. The expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Akt,HIF-1, VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) and VEGFR-2 genes was also quantified by Real-Time PCR. GeneMANIA and EnrichR databases were used to predict gene network interactions for the studied genes and their mechanism. Results: The TFC and TPC of the extract were 26 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract and 5.45 mg quercetin/g, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of anti-angiogenic components in EEFA. Our data showed that EEFA had no cytotoxicity effect on HUVECs. The obtained results also indicated that EEFA prevented the proliferation and migration of HUVECs. Expression analysis showed that EEFA significantly decreased the VEGF-A mRNA level in the hypoxia-induced HUVECs. No change was found in the VEGFR-2 gene expression following treatment with EEFA in the HUVECs. However, the significantly upregulation of the VEGFR-1 gene expression was observed in the EEFA-treated HUVECs. The bioinformatics analysis of gene-gene interaction network also showed that the studied genes play an essential role in the regulatory pathways of angiogenesis and cancer. Conclusion: These findings provided evidence about the anti-angiogenesis role of EEFA, suggesting that this could be considered in the cancer therapy.

HPLC-DAD Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Ferula assa foetida Resin Ethanol Extract

“…The quantitative phytochemical analysis result revealed that the ethanol extract of Ferula assa foetida has substantial contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins with values of 125 mg GAE/g, 23.7 mg QE/g, and 0.15 mg TAE/g for total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and total tannins, respectively. According to Yazdanipour et al (2021), 24 the total phenolic content of the ethanol extract of Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin was 29.5 mg of GAE/g, and the total flavonoid content was 6.1 mg QE/g. The results of Niazmand et al (2021), 25 revealed that flavonoid content in leaf extract of Ferula assa-foetida was 16.71 mg QE/g, while in the gum extract, it was only 0.11 mg QE/g.…”

“…According to Yazdanipour et al (2021), 24 7 compounds including ferulic acid (21.55%), gummosin (3.39%), farnesiferol (6.57%), Galbanic acid (7.33%), samarcandin (11.35%), asafoetida (3.41%) and umbelliprenin (6.66%) were the most abundant in the ethanol extract of Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin. Additionally, the work of Sgarbossa et al (2015), 29 illustrated the neuroprotective potential of ferulic acid as a therapeutic agent in Alzheimer's disease.…”