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Tissue vascularization plays a critical role in the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues. However, in certain instances of tissue injury, the pace and effectiveness of vascularization can be limited. Innovative strategies leveraging magnetic fields and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are devised to enhance the efficacy of tissue vascularization. This review explores the potential of magnetic field‐assisted strategies in augmenting tissue vascularization and repair. Direct application of static or dynamic magnetic fields, alone or in combination with MNPs, offers a means to modulate cellular behaviors and gene expression, thereby promoting angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. Techniques such as cell labeling, gene delivery using MNPs, and magnetic targeting have shown promise in efficiently repairing various ischemic tissue injuries by enhancing tissue vascularization. These strategies have broad applications in bone and skin tissue regeneration, limb ischemia treatment, myocardial injury treatment, and diabetic wound therapy. By summarizing recent advancements in magnetically controlled strategies, this review aims to shed light on their future prospects in tissue regeneration and clinical treatment.
Tissue vascularization plays a critical role in the regeneration and repair of damaged tissues. However, in certain instances of tissue injury, the pace and effectiveness of vascularization can be limited. Innovative strategies leveraging magnetic fields and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are devised to enhance the efficacy of tissue vascularization. This review explores the potential of magnetic field‐assisted strategies in augmenting tissue vascularization and repair. Direct application of static or dynamic magnetic fields, alone or in combination with MNPs, offers a means to modulate cellular behaviors and gene expression, thereby promoting angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. Techniques such as cell labeling, gene delivery using MNPs, and magnetic targeting have shown promise in efficiently repairing various ischemic tissue injuries by enhancing tissue vascularization. These strategies have broad applications in bone and skin tissue regeneration, limb ischemia treatment, myocardial injury treatment, and diabetic wound therapy. By summarizing recent advancements in magnetically controlled strategies, this review aims to shed light on their future prospects in tissue regeneration and clinical treatment.
Cardiovascular diseases, particularly ischemic heart disease, area leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Myocardial infarction (MI) results in extensive cardiomyocyte loss, inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, fibrosis, and ultimately, adverse ventricular remodeling associated with impaired heart function. While heart transplantation is the only definitive treatment for end-stage heart failure, donor organ scarcity necessitates the development of alternative therapies. In such cases, methods to promote endogenous tissue regeneration by stimulating growth factor secretion and vascular formation alone are insufficient. Techniques for the creation and transplantation of viable tissues are therefore highly sought after. Approaches to cardiac regeneration range from stem cell injections to epicardial patches and interposition grafts. While numerous preclinical trials have demonstrated the positive effects of tissue transplantation on vasculogenesis and functional recovery, long-term graft survival in large animal models is rare. Adequate vascularization is essential for the survival of transplanted tissues, yet pre-formed microvasculature often fails to achieve sufficient engraftment. Recent studies report success in enhancing cell survival rates in vitro via tissue perfusion. However, the transition of these techniques to in vivo models remains challenging, especially in large animals. This review aims to highlight the evolution of cardiac patch and stem cell therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, identify discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo studies, and discuss critical factors for establishing effective myocardial tissue regeneration in vivo.
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