Angiogenesis Factors.

Synergistic Effect of TNF-α in Soluble VCAM-1-Induced Angiogenesis Through α4 Integrins

“…TNF-␣ alone at a dose of 200 ng was capable of inducing angiogenesis in the mouse cornea, and this type of TNF-␣-induced angiogenesis was partly blocked by SB203580. Although TNF-␣-induced angiogenesis is also mediated through up-regulation of various angiogenic factors such as VEGF, IL-8, fibroblast growth factor-2, and metalloproteinases (43,44,45), sVCAM-1 is also another angiogenic factor induced by TNF-␣. We have previously reported that the expression of sVCAM-1 was markedly enhanced in vascular endothelial cells by IL-4 and IL-13 (33,34).…”

Direct inhibition of EGF receptor activation in vascular endothelial cells by gefitinib (‘Iressa’, ZD1839)

“…14) Angiogenesis is often provoked by the major pro-angiogenic factors, bFGF, VEGF, IL-8, PDGF, and EGF/TGFα. [15][16][17] The stimulatory effect of EGF/TGFα in angiogenesis is, however, not yet well understood. We have reported that EGF/TGFα-induced angiogenesis might be attributable to its signaling through direct interaction with vascular endothelial cells, 14,18) and also to angiogenesis-related factors that are produced from cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells, based on studies using various angiogenesis models.…”

Cdc42- and Rac1-mediated endothelial lumen formation requires Pak2, Pak4 and Par3, and PKC-dependent signaling

“…These events are controlled by key molecules, including integrins, extracellular matrices, proteases and growth factors (Carmeliet and Jain, 2000;Davis and Bayless, 2003;Davis et al, 2002;Hanahan, 1997;Kuwano et al, 2001;Saunders et al, 2006). Lumenization of vessels is required for establishing blood flow and stabilizing vessel networks during vascular development and thus represents a crucial step during vascular EC tube morphogenesis (Adams and Alitalo, 2007;Conway et al, 2001;Davis et al, 2002;Davis and Senger, 2005).…”