Angiogenesis and bone repair

Carano, Richard A.D.; Filvaroff, Ellen

doi:10.1016/s1359-6446(03)02866-6

Cited by 666 publications

(515 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…The upregulation of SMAD1, a gene encoding protein that serves as a signal transducer and transcriptional modulator of BMP signaling, further supports this observation [47]. Angiogenesis is an absolute requirement for endochondral ossification, successful fracture union, and the formation of ectopic bone [1,5]. Thus, it was not surprising that VEGFA expression was upregulated in wounds in which HO developed.…”

Section: Functional Protein Expression and Heterotopic Ossificationmentioning

confidence: 77%

Osteogenic Gene Expression Correlates With Development of Heterotopic Ossification in War Wounds

Evans

Potter

Brown

et al. 2013

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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Background Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a frequent complication of modern wartime extremity injuries. The biological mechanisms responsible for the development of HO in traumatic wounds remain elusive. Question/purposes The aims of our study were to (1) characterize the expression profile of osteogenesis-related gene transcripts in traumatic war wounds in which HO developed; and (2) determine whether expression at the mRNA level correlated with functional protein expression and HO formation. Methods Biopsy specimens from 54 high-energy penetrating extremity wounds obtained at the initial and final surgical débridements were evaluated. The levels of selected osteogenic-related gene transcripts from RNA extracts were assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. As a result of its key role in osteogenesis, the concentration of BMP-2 in the effluent of 29 wounds also was determined. Conclusions Important differences exist in the osteogenic gene expression profile of wounds in which HO developed compared with wounds in which it did not develop. The upregulation of multiple osteogenesis-related gene transcripts indicates the presence of a proosteogenic environment necessary for ectopic bone formation in traumatic wounds.

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Section: Functional Protein Expression and Heterotopic Ossificationmentioning

confidence: 77%

Osteogenic Gene Expression Correlates With Development of Heterotopic Ossification in War Wounds

Evans

Potter

Brown

et al. 2013

Clin Orthop Relat Res

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“…Therefore, good healing is necessary for this tissue to exert its normal activities (4). Remodeling events occur during bone healing, which can also suffer influence from ionizing radiation in the form of modification or delaying of the repair process (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sodium selenite on bone repair in tibiae of irradiated rats

et al. 2009

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This study evaluated the radioprotective effect of sodium selenite on the bone repair process in tibiae of female rats. For such purpose, 100 female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus) were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=25), according to the treatment received: administration of distilled water (control); administration of sodium selenite; gamma radiation; and administration of sodium selenite plus gamma radiation. A bone defect was prepared on both tibiae of all animals. Three days after surgery, the gamma radiation and selenium/gamma radiation groups received 8 Gy gamma rays on the lower limbs. Five animals per group were sacrificed 7, 14, 21, 28 days after surgery for evaluation of the repair process by bone volumetric density analysis. The 5 animals remaining in each group were sacrificed 45 days postoperatively for examination of the mature bone by scanning electron microscopy. Based on all analyzed parameters, the results of the present study suggest that sodium selenite exerted a radioprotective effect in the bone repair of tibia of irradiated rats.

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“…(129) Because of the crucial role of vascularization in new bone formation, angiogenic proteins can enhance bone formation. (130) In particular, VEGF (131) and bFGF (132,133) have been shown to be beneficial on their own for osteogenesis and in combinations with BMPs. (134,135) Angiogenic genes have been delivered in clinical studies but not in the context of bone regeneration.…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Realizing the potential of gene-based molecular therapies in bone repair

Rose

Uludağ

2013

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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A better understanding of osteogenesis at genetic and biochemical levels is yielding new molecular entities that can modulate bone regeneration and potentially act as novel therapies in a clinical setting. These new entities are motivating alternative approaches for bone repair by utilizing DNA-derived expression systems, as well as RNA-based regulatory molecules controlling the fate of cells involved in osteogenesis. These sophisticated mediators of osteogenesis, however, pose unique delivery challenges that are not obvious in deployment of conventional therapeutic agents. Viral and nonviral delivery systems are actively pursued in preclinical animal models to realize the potential of the gene-based medicines. This article will summarize promising bone-inducing molecular agents on the horizon as well as provide a critical review of delivery systems employed for their administration. Special attention was paid to synthetic (nonviral) delivery systems because they are more likely to be adopted for clinical testing because of safety considerations. We present a comparative analysis of dose-response relationships, as well as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features of various approaches, with the purpose of clearly defining the current frontier in the field. We conclude with the authors' perspective on the future of genebased therapy of bone defects, articulating promising research avenues to advance the field of clinical bone repair. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. KEY WORDS: OSTEOGENESIS; BIOENGINEERING; MOLECULAR PATHWAYS; GENE-BASED THERAPYClinical Need for New Bone-Regeneration Strategies N early 2.2 million bone grafts are performed worldwide annually (1) and up to 20% of fractures are hampered by impaired healing. (2) The economic impact of nonunions is enormous, with the cost of spinal fusions alone reaching $20 billion annually. (3) The gold standard for repair of large segmental defects remains autologous grafts, where bone harvested from a non-weight-bearing site, usually the iliac crest, is used to repair defects. Bone grafts, however, are limited in several aspects, including potency of the grafts and the physiological detriment resulting from harvest surgery. Allografts are alternatively employed, where donor tissue is used to repair the defect, but the risk of disease transmission is always a concern. Allografts are extensively processed to reduce this risk, but osteopotency of the graft could be decreased in this way. (4) Demineralized bone matrix derived from decalcified bone can similarly act as a substitute; its potency, however, is variable and depends on the processing conditions. Synthetic scaffolds have been used to provide a hospitable environment for new bone formation. Scaffolds have been constructed from the organic (collagen) and inorganic (hydroxyapatite [HA]) components of bone, but such scaffolds are incapable of inducing osteogenesis on their own and they are more suitable for smaller defects.Osteogenic proteins are frequently employed to render ost...

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Angiogenesis and bone repair

Cited by 666 publications

References 142 publications

Osteogenic Gene Expression Correlates With Development of Heterotopic Ossification in War Wounds

Osteogenic Gene Expression Correlates With Development of Heterotopic Ossification in War Wounds

Effect of sodium selenite on bone repair in tibiae of irradiated rats

Realizing the potential of gene-based molecular therapies in bone repair

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