Angiocardiographic Patterns in Funnel-Chest

Ventilatory and Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise in Patients With Pectus Excavatum

“…Garusi and D'Ettore 52 found through the use of cardiac angiography that, while the heart was shifted to the left, the dimensions of the cardiac chambers were essentially normal. 53 Beiser et al 8 performed cardiac catheterization on three patients before and after corrective surgery, and found that cardiac output during intense upright exercise was below the normal range in two patients and was at the lower limits in the third patient.…”

Proper compression landmark and depth for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with pectus excavatum: a study using CT

“…Several studies have shown that the heart is displaced in patients with PE,2 3 and this displacement could affect the effectiveness of chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by causing compression on inadequate intrathoracic structures such as ascending aorta and left ventricular outflow tract. However, the current CPR guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA)4 and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC)5 make no specific mention of proper compression depth and hand position for PE patients, and no study has been conducted on the topic.…”

Midterm evaluation of cardiopulmonary effects of closed repair for pectus excavatum

“…Further, these results suggested that the patient's perceived improvement in exercise tolerance may have been caused by improvement in cardiac output [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This could be caused by an improvement in right ventricular filling, which is especially evident during exercise.…”