Anger in Young Men and Subsequent Premature Cardiovascular Disease

Chang, Patricia P.; Ford, Daniel E.; Meoni, Lucy A.; Wang, Nae Yuh; Klag, Michael J.

doi:10.1001/archinte.162.8.901

Cited by 124 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…exercise and smoking). These findings were in line with those studies that have shown that individuals who experience negative emotions, such as depression, were at an increased risk of CAD (12,25,26). In a cohort of 7,709 patients with confirmed CAD but without a diagnosis of heart failure or depression, a subsequent diagnosis of depression was associated with 50% increase in the risk of heart failure (14).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Baseline Depressive Symptoms Predict Subsequent Heart Disease; A 20-Year Cohort

Lankarani¹,

Assari²

2016

Int Cardiovasc Res J

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A B S T R A C TBackground: Depression is common among patients with heart disease. Depression is also associated with worse outcomes among patients with heart disease. Fewer studies have shown whether or not baseline depressive symptoms predict subsequent heart disease in general population. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether depressive symptoms at baseline predict risk of developing heart disease during the next 20 years in the United States. Patients and Methods:The data were extracted from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), 1992 -2012. The study was conducted on 8,375 individuals who were older than 50 years at entry, did not have heart disease at baseline, and had data on heart disease over the next 20 years. High depressive symptoms (modified Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]) were considered as the independent variable. Self-reported data on physician diagnosis of heart disease were measured on a biannual basis. Baseline demographic data (i.e., age and gender), socioeconomic status (i.e., race, marital status, and education level), health behaviors (i.e., drinking, smoking, and exercise), and body mass index were controlled. Cox proportional hazard model was used for data analysis. Results: Cox proportional hazard model revealed a link between high depressive symptoms at baseline and time to developing heart disease (Hazard ratio = 1.439, 95% CI = 1.253 -1.652), suggesting that individuals with high depressive symptoms at baseline developed heart disease sooner than others. The association between baseline depressive symptoms and risk of heart disease was significant after controlling for all the covariates. Conclusions: Individuals with depressive symptomatology are at higher risk of development of heart disease over time. Thus, individuals with depressed mood may need more rigorous evaluation for heart disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Baseline Depressive Symptoms Predict Subsequent Heart Disease; A 20-Year Cohort

Lankarani¹,

Assari²

2016

Int Cardiovasc Res J

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“…This raises the possibility that individuals high in aggressiveness are at increased risk of inflammatory disease. In this regard, consistent prospective evidence shows that dispositional anger/hostility predicts incidence and progression of cardiovascular disease (e.g., Chang et al, 2002;Everson et al, 1998;Kawachi et al, 1996;Koskenvuo et al 1988), which is widely accepted to be of inflammatory etiology (Ridker et al, 2000a(Ridker et al, , 2000bRoss, 1999). Further research is warranted to determine if it is the behavioral component of these antagonistic dispositions that confers increased susceptibility to disease.…”

Section: Predictormentioning

confidence: 98%

Antagonistic characteristics are positively associated with inflammatory markers independently of trait negative emotionality

Marsland

Prather

Petersen³

et al. 2008

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

126

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Recent evidence suggests that individuals with certain personality traits are at elevated risk for chronic systemic inflammation. To date, this literature has focused on the related traits of hostility and negative affect (NA). In this study, we examine the covariation of trait measures of hostility and NA with the inflammatory mediators interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. We also explore whether observed associations reflect independent contributions of cognitive, affective and behavioral components of hostile dispositions or shared trait variance with global negative affectivity. Subjects were a diverse sample of 855 relatively healthy middle-aged community volunteers (50% male) from the Adult Health and Behavior Project. The Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) and an Abbreviated Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (ACM) were used to measure dimensions of hostility, and the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire was used to measure trait NA. Regression analyses accounting for demographic characteristics and medical covariates showed a positive relationship of all components of hostility and trait NA with both IL-6 and CRP. After controlling for trait NA, only the behavioral component of hostility was independently associated with the inflammatory markers. The relationships of cognitive and affective components of hostility with inflammatory markers were largely explained by lifestyle factors, particularly body mass index and smoking. In contrast, lifestyle factors did not explain the covariation of hostile behavioral tendencies and inflammation. These findings suggest that unique attributes of aggressive behavioral tendencies account for much of the variability in inflammation associated with hostility and negative emotions, raising the possibility that individuals high in aggression are at increased risk of inflammatory disease.

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“…Miller et al, 1996). Subsequent studies have indicated that selfreports of trait hostility and anger predict new coronary events among previously healthy people (Chang, Ford, Meoni, Wang, & Klag, 2002;Everson et al, 1997;Kawachi, Sparrow, Spiro, Vokonas, & Weiss, 1996; J. E. . Further, selfreports of hostility have been associated with the severity and progression of atherosclerosis (Iribarren et al, 2000;Julkunen, Salonen, Kaplan, Chesney, & Salonen, 1994;Matthews, Owens, Kuller, Sutton-Tyrrell, & Jansen-McWilliams, 1998;Whiteman, Dreary, & Fowkes, 2000), although there have been negative findings (O'Malley, Jones, Feuerstein, & Taylor, 2000).…”

Section: Hostility As the Toxic Component Of The Type A Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial influences on the development and course of coronary heart disease: Current status and implications for research and practice.

Smith¹,

Ruiz²

2002

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

292

208

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Psychosocial characteristics predict the development and course of coronary heart disease (CHD). In this review, the authors discussed human and animal research on psychophysiological mechanisms influencing coronary artery disease and its progression to CHD. They then reviewed literature on personality and characteristics of the social environment as risk factors for CHD. Hostility confers increased risk, and a group of risk factors involving depression and anxiety may be especially important following myocardial infarction. Social isolation, interpersonal conflict, and job stress confer increased risk. Psychosocial interventions may have beneficial effects on CHD morbidity and mortality, although inconsistent results and a variety of methodological limitations preclude firm conclusions. Finally, they discussed implications for clinical care and the agenda for future research.Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States; each year about 450,000 people die from CHD, and 1,000,000 experience an initial or recurrent coronary event (American Heart Association, 2001). Among healthy 40-year olds, between 40% and 50% of men and between 25% and 35% of women will later develop CHD (Lloyd-Jones, Larson, Beiser, & Levy, 1999). Over $100 billion is spent on CHD each year in the United States in direct medical costs, disability payments, and lost productivity (American Heart Association, 2001). This disease involves the three major topics composing behavioral medicine and health psychology, making it a central focus throughout their 30-year history. In the first (i.e., health behavior and prevention), modifiable behavioral risk factors (e.g., smoking, activity level, diet) are important risk factors for the development of CHD (Stamler et al., 1999;Wannamethee, Shaper, Walker, & Ebrahim, 1998), and behavior change is an essential component of prevention. In the second topic (i.e., stress and disease or psychosomatics), other psychological and social factors have more direct effects on the development and course of CHD through the intervening psychobiological effects of stress and negative emotions. In the third (i.e., psychosocial aspects of medical illness and care), established CHD has extensive emotional and social impacts on patients and their families, behavior is a key element of standard care (e.g., medication adherence, dietary change, exercise), and psychosocial interventions are useful additions to traditional medical and surgical treatment.Like the article on CHD in the previous special issue on behavioral medicine in this journal (Thoresen & Powell, 1992), we focused primarily on the second major topic-psychosocial influences on the development and course of CHD. We also reviewed one aspect of the third topic-interventions targeting psychosocial risk factors and their underlying psychophysiological mechanisms. Perhaps the most important implication of research on psychosocial risk factors for coronary disease is that interventions targeting these factors could reduce cardiac morb...

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Anger in Young Men and Subsequent Premature Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract: High level of anger in response to stress in young men is associated with an increased risk of subsequent premature CVD, particularly myocardial infarction.

Cited by 124 publications

References 34 publications

Baseline Depressive Symptoms Predict Subsequent Heart Disease; A 20-Year Cohort

Baseline Depressive Symptoms Predict Subsequent Heart Disease; A 20-Year Cohort

Antagonistic characteristics are positively associated with inflammatory markers independently of trait negative emotionality

Psychosocial influences on the development and course of coronary heart disease: Current status and implications for research and practice.

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