Anger, hostility, and aggression among Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans reporting PTSD and subthreshold PTSD

Jakupcak, Matthew; Conybeare, Daniel; Phelps, Lori F.; Hunt, Stephen C.; Holmes, Hollie; Felker, Bradford; Klevens, Michele; McFall, Miles

doi:10.1002/jts.20258

Cited by 413 publications

(376 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…In addition to studies finding strong support for the relationship between anger and PTSD in military samples, studies have also shown that Veterans diagnosed with PTSD demonstrate higher levels of anger compared with Veterans without PTSD [12,[19][20][21][22][23]. For example, Chemtob et al conducted a study in which they compared 24 Vietnam war Veterans who had been diagnosed with PTSD to 23 non-PTSD Vietnam combat Veterans and 12 noncombat Vietnam-era Veterans with psychiatric diagnoses [12].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this study focused exclusively on Vietnam-era Veterans, raising the question of whether similar associations would be found among Veterans of other eras. More recently, Jakupcak et al examined Veterans from the Iraq and Afghanistan wars who screened positive for PTSD and compared them with those who demonstrated subthreshold levels of PTSD and those without PTSD on trait anger, hostility, and aggression [22]. Findings showed that the PTSD group reported greater anger and hostility than the subthreshold PTSD Veterans, who in turn scored higher than the non-PTSD group.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An association between symptoms of PTSD and both general and partner aggression has been consistently demonstrated in Veteran and civilian populations [22,[28][29][30][31][32][33]. In the nationally representative National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study [34], 13.5 percent of Veterans without PTSD were identified as partner-violent during the previous year, whereas 33 percent of Veterans with PTSD perpetrated violence [35].…”

Section: Ptsd and Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment and treatment of posttraumatic anger and aggression: A review

Taft¹,

Creech²,

Kachadourian³

2012

JRRD

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Abstract-The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense's (DOD) recently published and updated Department of Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense VA/ DOD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of PostTraumatic Stress includes irritability, severe agitation, and anger as specific symptoms that frequently co-occur with PTSD. For the first time, the guideline includes nine specific recommendations for the assessment and treatment of PTSDrelated anger, irritability, and agitation. This article will review the literature on PTSD and its association with anger and aggression. We highlight explanatory models for these associations, factors that contribute to the occurrence of anger and aggression in PTSD, assessment of anger and aggression, and effective anger management interventions and strategies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ptsd and Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessment and treatment of posttraumatic anger and aggression: A review

Taft¹,

Creech²,

Kachadourian³

2012

JRRD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Jakupcak et al [24] found that Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans with PTSD reported greater aggression, anger, and hostility than Veterans without PTSD, while Lew et al [14] reported that 82 percent of OIF/OEF Veterans seen in a polytrauma clinic most frequently endorsed anger and impatience as their primary area of difficulty on the road. While this study subsequently hypothesized similar findings, this sample did not highly endorse anger on the road (only 21% endorsed very frequent anger), suggesting that "anger" may be too strong a term.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary findings of a novel measure of driving behaviors in Veterans with comorbid TBI and PTSD

2016

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Abstract-Veterans of the military operations in Iraq andAfghanistan are at an elevated risk of driving-related accidents and fatalities compared with civilians. Combat exposure, military driving training, risk-seeking, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are all factors associated with driving-related risk. However, few empirical studies have observed driving patterns in this population, and the influence of these contributing factors remains unclear. This study utilized a novel self-report measure to assess driving behaviors, driving-related anxiety, and emotional experiences of military Veterans who have returned to civilian driving. This questionnaire was completed by 23 combat Veterans diagnosed with comorbid TBI and PTSD and 10 nondisabled combat Veterans. Drivers with TBI and PTSD reported more frequent high-risk driving behaviors and higher levels of anxiety while driving in certain situations than nondisabled combat Veterans. These preliminary findings highlight the importance of studying on-the-road situations and cues that produce anxiety in Veterans, particularly those with TBI and PTSD. A greater understanding of driving-related anxiety is needed to inform targeted and effective interventions for unsafe driving in Veterans.

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“…The perpetration of violence often co-presents with victimisation (Malik, Sorensen, & Aneshensel, 1997), and PTSD has been shown to be related to aggression (Dyer et al, 2009; Jakupcak et al, 2007). This association may result from an underlying dysregulation of emotion (Weiss, Tull, Viana, Anestis, & Gratz, 2012) and impulse which may cause aggression, or individuals who suffer from numbing symptoms related to PTSD may utilise aggression in order to up-regulate themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between societal disapproval and changes in symptoms of PTSD and appetitive aggression following treatment among high-risk South African males

Sommer

Hinsberger

Holtzhausen

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: In violent communities, social rejection as a person with victim–offender attributes is associated with more intense symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a higher propensity towards violence, i.e. appetitive aggression. Successful community reintegration encompassing adequate social acknowledgment of individuals with both a history of violence exposure and perpetration may be necessary to enhance the treatment effects of interventions addressing PTSD and aggression. Objective: In this study, the effects of treatment and post-treatment traumatic events, violent offenses, and social acknowledgment (with sub-dimensions of general disapproval, family disapproval, and recognition as a person with both a history of violence exposure and commission) on changes in PTSD symptom severity and appetitive aggression from baseline to 8-month follow-up were investigated. Method: Data were collected from 54 males recruited through a Cape Town offender reintegration programme for an intervention study targeting trauma and aggression (n = 28 treatment; n = 26 wait-list). Changes in PTSD symptom severity after treatment were assessed with the PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview, changes in appetitive aggression with the Appetitive Aggression Scale (AAS), post-treatment traumatic events with an adapted version of the Child’s Exposure to Violence Checklist, offenses with an adapted checklist from the AAS, and social acknowledgment with an adapted form of the Social Acknowledgment Questionnaire. Results: Path analyses revealed negative relationships between ongoing societal disapproval and changes in PTSD symptom severity and appetitive aggression at 8-months, controlling for age. All other variables were non-significant, except for treatment, which was associated with PTSD symptom reduction. Conclusions: As a complementary strategy to effective psychotherapeutic treatment, increased social acknowledgment may contribute significantly to the alleviation of PTSD symptoms and appetitive aggression. Psychological interventions should, therefore, not neglect the impact of societal factors on treatment effects.

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Anger, hostility, and aggression among Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans reporting PTSD and subthreshold PTSD

Cited by 413 publications

References 55 publications

Assessment and treatment of posttraumatic anger and aggression: A review

Assessment and treatment of posttraumatic anger and aggression: A review

Preliminary findings of a novel measure of driving behaviors in Veterans with comorbid TBI and PTSD

Associations between societal disapproval and changes in symptoms of PTSD and appetitive aggression following treatment among high-risk South African males

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