Anger and fear responses to stress have different biological profiles

Moons, Wesley G.; Eisenberger, Naomi I.; Taylor, Shelley E.

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2009.08.009

Cited by 176 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Indeed, several other studies have shown that the TSST can increase proinflammatory responses from pre-to post-stress (Moons et al, 2010;Slavich et al, 2010: Yamakwa et al, 2009 and that greater experiences of social stress are associated with greater increases in inflammatory responding. For instance, those who reported higher levels of fear or anxiety in response to the TSST also showed greater increases in inflammatory responses to the TSST (IL-6 and sTNFα-RII: Moons et al, 2010;IL-6: Carroll et al, 2011).…”

Section: Exposure To Laboratory-based Social Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, those who reported higher levels of fear or anxiety in response to the TSST also showed greater increases in inflammatory responses to the TSST (IL-6 and sTNFα-RII: Moons et al, 2010;IL-6: Carroll et al, 2011). Similarly, those who reported a greater perceived intensity of stress also showed larger increases in inflammatory activity to the TSST (IL-1β; Yamakawa et al, 2009).…”

Section: Exposure To Laboratory-based Social Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Sickness and in Health: The Co-Regulation of Inflammation and Social Behavior

Eisenberger

Moieni

Inagaki

et al. 2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

278

206

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Although it has commonly been assumed that the immune system and the processes that govern social behavior are separate, non-communicating entities, research over the past several decades suggests otherwise. Considerable evidence now shows that inflammatory processes and social behavior are actually powerful regulators of one another. This review first summarizes evidence that inflammatory processes regulate social behavior, leading to characteristic changes that may help an individual navigate the social environment during times of sickness. Specifically, this review shows that inflammation: (1) increases threatrelated neural sensitivity to negative social experiences (eg, rejection, negative social feedback), presumably to enhance sensitivity to threats to well-being or safety in order to avoid them and (2) enhances reward-related neural sensitivity to positive social experiences (eg, viewing close others and receiving positive social feedback), presumably to increase approach-related motivation towards others who might provide support and care during sickness. Next, this review summarizes evidence showing that social behavior also regulates aspects of inflammatory activity, preparing the body for situations in which wounding and infection may be more likely (social isolation). Here, we review research showing: (1) that exposure to social stressors increases proinflammatory activity, (2) that individuals who are more socially isolated (ie, lonely) show increased proinflammatory activity, and (3) that individuals who are more socially isolated show increased proinflammatory activity in response to an inflammatory challenge or social stressor. The implications of the co-regulation of inflammation and social behavior are discussed.

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Section: Exposure To Laboratory-based Social Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposure To Laboratory-based Social Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Sickness and in Health: The Co-Regulation of Inflammation and Social Behavior

Eisenberger

Moieni

Inagaki

et al. 2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

278

206

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, advances in the measurement of physiological responses point to promising means by which emotion-specific physiological responses can be documented. For instance, pro-inflammatory cytokines may be related to specific submissive emotions such as, shame, guilt, and fear (Dickerson, Kemeny, Aziz, Kim & Fahey, 2004;Moons, Eisenberger & Taylor, 2010), cortisol has been linked specifically to the experience of anger (Moons et al, 2010), and the blush, resulting from increased blood flow to the subcutaneous capillaries of the head, and is readily associated with embarrassment (Cutlip & Leary, 1993;Shearn, Bergman, Hill, Abel, & Hinds, 1990). We provide additional support for the claim that, as researchers begin to employ a greater number of physiological measures, physiological profiles of distinct emotions may emerge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective and physiological responses to the suffering of others: Compassion and vagal activity.

Stellar

Cohen

Oveis

et al. 2015

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

189

179

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Compassion is an affective response to another's suffering and a catalyst of prosocial behavior.In the present studies we explore the peripheral physiological changes associated with the experience of compassion. Guided by longstanding theoretical claims, we propose that compassion is associated with activation in the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system through the vagus nerve. Across four studies, participants witnessed others suffer while we recorded physiological measures including heart rate, respiration, skin conductance, and a measure of vagal activity called respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Participants exhibited greater RSA during the compassion induction compared to a neutral control (Study 1), another positive emotion (Study 2), and a prosocial emotion lacking appraisals of another person's suffering (Study 3). Greater RSA during the experience of compassion compared to the neutral or control emotion were often accompanied by lower heart rate and respiration, but no differences in skin conductance. In Study 4, increases in RSA during compassion positively predicted an established composite of compassion-related words, continuous self-reports of compassion, and nonverbal displays of compassion. Compassion, a core affective component of empathy and prosociality, increases parasympathetic activity. (180 Words)

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“…As such, the evidence does not support the idea that relative status dominates over other factors in producing the SES gradient in longevity. Relative status likely plays some role in explaining health inequalities, as there is evidence to indicate that it induces resentment and anger (Smith et al 2012) and these emotions have been linked to health in observational studies (e.g., Kawachi et al 1996) and to health-relevant biological markers in experiments (e.g., Moons, Eisenberger, and Taylor 2010). Research thus indicates that both subjective perceptions of material conditions and material conditions themselves play a role in health inequalities.…”

Section: The Status-based Relative Deprivation Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Honorific Awards Give Us Clues about the Connection between Socioeconomic Status and Mortality?

2013

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Social epidemiologists Marmot and Wilkinson argue that relative deprivation is the dominant mechanism through which socioeconomic status (SES) affects mortality. If such an argument is valid, we would expect to consistently see the influence of relative deprivation in situations where two or more highly qualified and very similar individuals are nominated in a status competition, but only one receives the status boost conferred by winning. We studied mortality experiences of Emmy Award winners, Baseball Hall of Fame inductees, and presidents and vice presidents-comparing each to nominated losers in the same competition. Our findings and results of similar studies fail to show consistent advantages for winners. The association between winning and longevity is sometimes positive, sometimes negative, and sometimes nonexistent. We conclude that the critical processes determining the strength and direction of any status effect on longevity are changes in life circumstances that result from winning or losing, rather than the processes that inexorably flow from one's relative position in a status hierarchy. Keywordssocial status and longevity, social determinants of health, social stratification, medical sociology

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Anger and fear responses to stress have different biological profiles

Cited by 176 publications

References 16 publications

In Sickness and in Health: The Co-Regulation of Inflammation and Social Behavior

In Sickness and in Health: The Co-Regulation of Inflammation and Social Behavior

Affective and physiological responses to the suffering of others: Compassion and vagal activity.

Can Honorific Awards Give Us Clues about the Connection between Socioeconomic Status and Mortality?

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