Anger and Acting Out: Masks of Depression

Spiegel, Rose

doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1967.21.3.597

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Moren~o and colleagues (1987) found that many of these differences on measures of anger and depression across depressed groups were statistically significant. Thus, although anger has historically been considered to represent an improvement in depression (Weissman, Fox, & Klerman, 1973), hostility may mask underlynng depression (Spiegel, 1967). Further, hostility in depressed persons may also be prognostic of suicidality.…”

Section: Normative Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Hostility, Anger, and Depression in Depressed and Nondepressed Subjects

Moreno¹,

Fuhriman²,

Selby³

1993

Journal of Personality Assessment

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This study examined the relationship between hostility and depression in depressed and nondepressed subjects as well as the reliability and validity of several measures of anger, hostility and depression. Sixty-nine subjects were evaluated for depression using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD; Hamilton, 1960). These subjects were then administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Ergaugh, 1961), Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI; Buss & Durkee, 1957), Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ; Foulds, Caine, & Creasy, 1960) and the State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS; Spielberger, Jacobs, Russell, & Crane, 1983). Results showed the BDI, STAS-TRAIT, HDHQ, and BDHI to have good temporal stability. Support was found for the convergent validity of all measures of depression, hostility, and anger. Limited discriminant validity was found between measures of anger and hostility and measures of depression. This latter finding was interpreted as lending support for the relationship between hostility and depression rather than as an indication of limited construct validity for the measures. Intercorrelations among hostility, anger, and depression scales offer some support for the hypothesis that depression is linked most strongly with attitudinal versus motoric forms of hostility. However, normative data suggests that both forms of hostility increase with severity of depression. Clinical implications and directions for further research are discussed.

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Section: Normative Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Hostility, Anger, and Depression in Depressed and Nondepressed Subjects

Moreno¹,

Fuhriman²,

Selby³

1993

Journal of Personality Assessment

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“…In discussing how individuals attempt to deny or hide their feelings of depression, Spiegel (1967) observed that a rage reaction may accompany depression. This rage may be shown in gross behavior towards others (Weissman & Paykel, 1974) or towards oneself in the form of suicide (Farberow, 1980), self‐mutiliation (Siomopoulos, 1974), anorexia nervosa (Cantwell, Sturzenberger & Burrows, 1977) or drug abuse (Dorus & Senay, 1980).…”

Section: Text Begins Herementioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Hostility in Self‐Mutilation

Bennum¹,

Phil²

1983

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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The presence of depression and hostility among self-mutilating patients is investigated. Mutilators, depressives and controls comprised the research samples. Non-significant differences in intropunitive hostility and depression were found between the clinical groups. Specific item differences in the depression assessment indicated a definite qualitative rather than quantitative difference in depressive symptomatology between the clinical groups. The interaction between hostility and depression and the implications for management based on these results is discussed.

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“…The concept of masked depression has been well supported in the literature by others. In the same way other authors have described a number of different behavioural manifestations as being due to depression, including anger and acting out behaviour (Chwast, 1967;Spiegel, 1967), school phobia (Agras, 1959), poor school performance (Hollon, 1970), severe headache (Ling et al, 1970), psychosomatic problems (Lesse, 1968), hyperactivity (Malmquist, 1971;Zrull et al, 1970), and stealing (Krakowski, 1970). Some of these so-called masks which have been described are thought to be aggressive behaviour as a means of concealing depression (Burks and Harrison, 1962).…”

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confidence: 82%

Depression in Childhood

Williams¹,

Harper

1979

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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Ninety-three children with a diagnosis of depression were admitted to a residential children's unit over a six-year period. Background and clinical data were analysed in order to identify correlates associated with the disorder and to examine the concept of 'depressive equivalents'. The results indicated that parental loss, particularly loss of father, through death or desertion, psychiatric illness in the parents and stressful events in early childhood were important concomitants of the disorder. The study also supported the current literature on 'depressive equivalents' and their expression in childhood.

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Anger and Acting Out: Masks of Depression

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Measurement of Hostility, Anger, and Depression in Depressed and Nondepressed Subjects

Measurement of Hostility, Anger, and Depression in Depressed and Nondepressed Subjects

Depression and Hostility in Self‐Mutilation

Depression in Childhood

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