Aneuploidy, copy number variation and unique chromosomal structures in bottom-fermenting yeast revealed by array-CGH

Tadami, Hideyo; Shikata-Miyoshi, Miho; Ogata, Tomoo

doi:10.1002/jib.108

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…cerevisiae strains. In general, these alloploid genomes tolerate aneuploidy well, with massive diversity in chromosome copy numbers across strains (23, 125, 126). Some aneuploid lager brewing yeasts even sporulate, albeit at low efficiency, by anomalous cell division (79).…”

Section: Ccnv In Industrial Saccharomyces Yeastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite its frequent occurrence, the impacts of aneuploidy in these genetic contexts have not been explored in depth, and it is unclear how AASR and chromosome-specific copy number effects compare to those observed in otherwise euploid S. cerevisiae strains. In general, these alloploid genomes tolerate aneuploidy well, with massive diversity in chromosome copy numbers across strains ( 23 , 125 , 126 ). Some aneuploid lager brewing yeasts even sporulate, albeit at low efficiency, by anomalous cell division ( 79 ).…”

Section: Ccnv In Industrial Saccharomyces Yeastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Industrial Relevance of Chromosomal Copy Number Variation in Saccharomyces Yeasts

Vries

Pronk

Daran

2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Chromosomal copy number variation (CCNV) plays a key role in evolution and health of eukaryotes. The unicellular yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important model for studying the generation, physiological impact, and evolutionary significance of CCNV. Fundamental studies of this yeast have contributed to an extensive set of methods for analyzing and introducing CCNV. Moreover, these studies provided insight into the balance between negative and positive impacts of CCNV in evolutionary contexts. A growing body of evidence indicates that CCNV not only frequently occurs in industrial strains of Saccharomyces yeasts but also is a key contributor to the diversity of industrially relevant traits. This notion is further supported by the frequent involvement of CCNV in industrially relevant traits acquired during evolutionary engineering. This review describes recent developments in genome sequencing and genome editing techniques and discusses how these offer opportunities to unravel contributions of CCNV in industrial Saccharomyces strains as well as to rationally engineer yeast chromosomal copy numbers and karyotypes.

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Section: Ccnv In Industrial Saccharomyces Yeastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ccnv In Industrial Saccharomyces Yeastsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Relevance of Chromosomal Copy Number Variation in Saccharomyces Yeasts

Vries

Pronk

Daran

2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…In S. pastorianus , ploidy differences, copy number variations, and single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) identified by array-CGH 10 , 11 or other approaches have suggested that the Saaz (Group 1) and Frohberg (Group 2) types originated from independent hybridization events, 11 – 13 a theory that has gained broad acceptance. In contrast, the recent confirmation of two breakpoints associated with interchromosomal translocation of HSP82 and KEM1 genes implies a common origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-generation sequencing analysis of lager brewing yeast strains reveals the evolutionary history of interspecies hybridization

Okuno

Kajitani

Ryusui

et al. 2016

DNA Res

188

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The lager beer yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus is considered an allopolyploid hybrid species between S. cerevisiae and S. eubayanus. Many S. pastorianus strains have been isolated and classified into two groups according to geographical origin, but this classification remains controversial. Hybridization analyses and partial PCR-based sequence data have indicated a separate origin of these two groups, whereas a recent intertranslocation analysis suggested a single origin. To clarify the evolutionary history of this species, we analysed 10 S. pastorianus strains and the S. eubayanus type strain as a likely parent by Illumina next-generation sequencing. In addition to assembling the genomes of five of the strains, we obtained information on interchromosomal translocation, ploidy, and single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). Collectively, these results indicated that the two groups of strains share S. cerevisiae haploid chromosomes. We therefore conclude that both groups of S. pastorianus strains share at least one interspecific hybridization event and originated from a common parental species and that differences in ploidy and SNVs between the groups can be explained by chromosomal deletion or loss of heterozygosity.

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“…In the case of brewing yeast strains their polyploid nature would be supposed to confer genetic stability ( 119 ) . However, since many are aneuploid ( 139 ) this assumption is incorrect. In fact, although loss of individual chromosomes during cell division would be considered a major and possibly lethal error, it has also been suggested that aneuploidy might provide a route for genetic diversification ( 118 ) .…”

Section: Looking After Your Daughtersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provocation: all yeast cells are born equal, but some grow to be more equal than others

Boulton¹

2021

J. Inst. Brew.

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Yeast is central to the brewing process and as such deserves great care and attention to ensure it is fit‐for‐purpose. It is widely accepted that assessment based on simple viability testing is useful but far too blunt an instrument to give much useful information regarding the physiological state of the live yeast cells within the population. The need to address this issue has spawned a plethora of procedures collectively termed ‘vitality tests’. The concept of yeast vitality is nebulous, and this goes some way to explain why no single test has been universally adopted. There is, however, another major flaw in the underlying assumptions of the majority of vitality tests. This is, most are based on bulk samples which ignore heterogeneities within the population of cells being examined. The asymmetric mode of proliferation of Saccharomyces yeasts means that mother and daughter cells are always unequal. Individual cells have finite lifespans, old cells die and must be replaced with new fitter progeny. We are fortunate in that budding yeasts are widely used as a model cell for studies into ageing in higher eukaryotes and as a result there is a huge and ever‐expanding body of literature devoted to this subject. This has shown that yeast populations comprise several distinct sub‐populations which respond differently to external messengers. These messengers may be generated by one sub‐set of the population and received and acted upon by another indicating a degree of cooperation designed to ensure survival of the whole. Death of individuals within populations can be as a result of the application of lethal external stresses but more usually is a programmed process in which targeted cells commit suicide in an expression of altruism for the greater good of the whole. On reflection, perhaps this is unexpected but perfectly logical behaviour for single celled organisms to adopt. Most yeast population studies have been performed using haploid laboratory strains cultivated under relatively defined conditions. The industrial scale model is, of course, far removed from this. Brewing yeast strains are very different, and the complexities of serial fermentations and associated yeast handling processes introduce added layers of complexity. Nevertheless, there is every reason to believe that similar population heterogeneities and cooperative behaviour exist within the context of brewing. The thrust of the arguments presented in this article is that we should embrace this and consider individual cells within yeast populations within a fermenter, for example, as being individual free‐living components of a multicellular organism. Further, intercellular cooperation is managed by a network of messenger molecules many of which are likely to trigger the global shifts associated in metabolic activities which accompany the reversible passage from growth to quiescence and which coincidentally are likely to be of importance in beer flavour. The purpose of this article is to argue that the majority of current yeast vitality tests are not fit...

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Aneuploidy, copy number variation and unique chromosomal structures in bottom-fermenting yeast revealed by array-CGH

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

Industrial Relevance of Chromosomal Copy Number Variation in Saccharomyces Yeasts

Industrial Relevance of Chromosomal Copy Number Variation in Saccharomyces Yeasts

Next-generation sequencing analysis of lager brewing yeast strains reveals the evolutionary history of interspecies hybridization

Provocation: all yeast cells are born equal, but some grow to be more equal than others

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