Anesthetics influence concussive head injury induced blood-brain barrier breakdown, brain edema formation, cerebral blood flow, serotonin levels, brain pathology and functional outcome

Sharma, Hari Shanker; Mureșanu, Dafin F.; Nozari, Ala; Castellani, Rudy J.; Dey, Prasanta Kumar; Wiklund, Lars; Sharma, Aruna

doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2019.06.006

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Our results showed that isoflurane achieved the best effect in both the brain water content and neurobehavioral score groups, but the results are less reliable considering the small sample size. In fact, the neuroprotective effects of phenobarbital, isoflurane, and ketamine anesthetics have been widely reported (43)(44)(45), and the specific mechanism may be related to the anesthetic's inhibition of GABA-a inhibitory and NMDA excitatory receptors (46, 47). Although the effect of anesthetics on the pathophysiological process of subarachnoid hemorrhage is still unclear, the potential neuroprotective effect cannot be ignored when the results are interpreted.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Subgroup Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Melatonin in Animal Models of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Stratified Meta-Analysis

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2021

Front. Neurol.

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Background and Purpose: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe disease characterized by sudden headache, loss of consciousness, or focal neurological deficits. Melatonin has been reported as a potential neuroprotective agent of SAH. It provides protective effects through the anti-inflammatory effects or the autophagy pathway. Our systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin administration on experimental SAH animals and offer support for the future clinical trial design of the melatonin treatment following SAH.Methods: The following online databases were searched for experimentally controlled studies of the effect of melatonin on SAH models: PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (all until March 2021). The melatonin effect on the brain water content (BWC) and neurological score (NS) were compared between the treatment and control groups using the standardized mean difference (SMD).Results: Our literature identified 160 possible articles, and most of them were excluded due to duplication (n = 69) and failure to meet the inclusion criteria (n = 56). After screening the remaining 35 articles in detail, we excluded half of them because of no relevant outcome measures (n = 16), no relevant interventions (n = 3), review articles (n = 1), duplicated publications (n = 1), and studies on humans or cells (n = 2). Finally, this systematic review contained 12 studies between 2008 and 2018. All studies were written in English except for one study in Chinese, and all of them showed the effect of melatonin on BWC and NS in SAH models.Conclusion: Our research shows that melatonin can significantly improve the behavior and pathological results of SAH animal models. However, due to the small number of studies included in this meta-analysis, the experimental design and experimental method limitations should be considered when interpreting the results. Significant clinical and animal studies are still required to evaluate whether melatonin can be used in the adjuvant treatment of clinical SAH patients.

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Section: Interpretation Of Subgroup Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Melatonin in Animal Models of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Stratified Meta-Analysis

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2021

Front. Neurol.

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“…Serotonin levels are decreased in anxiety and depression, and the treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is aimed at increasing its levels and is used routinely in clinical practice [43]. Serotonin has also been linked to neurotoxicity upon the use of inhalational anesthetics, where some anesthetics increased serotonin, leading to detrimental effects on the brain [44]. Our studies show a significant increase in the levels of serotonin along with a decrease in levels of its hydroxylases TrpH1 and TrpH2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Behavioral and Neuronal Effects of Inhaled Bromine Gas: Oxidative Brain Stem Damage

Shakil

Juncos

Mariappan

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The risk of accidental bromine (Br2) exposure to the public has increased due to its enhanced industrial use. Inhaled Br2 damages the lungs and the heart; however, adverse effects on the brain are unknown. In this study, we examined the neurological effects of inhaled Br2 in Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were exposed to Br2 (600 ppm for 45 min) and transferred to room air and cage behavior, and levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in plasma were examined at various time intervals. Bromine exposure resulted in abnormal cage behavior such as head hitting, biting and aggression, hypervigilance, and hyperactivity. An increase in plasma GFAP and brain 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) content also was observed in the exposed animals. Acute and delayed sympathetic nervous system activation was also evaluated by assessing the expression of catecholamine biosynthesizing enzymes, tryptophan hydroxylase (TrpH1 and TrpH2), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TyrH), along with an assessment of catecholamines and their metabolites. TyrH was found to be increased in a time-dependent manner. TrpH1 and TrpH2 were significantly decreased upon Br2 exposure in the brainstem. The neurotransmitter content evaluation indicated an increase in 5-HT and dopamine at early timepoints after exposure; however, other metabolites were not significantly altered. Taken together, our results predict brain damage and autonomic dysfunction upon Br2 exposure.

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“…Previous research has revealed that anesthetics cause significant damage to the developing brain (22). The degree of damage is primarily dependent on the concentration of the anesthetic and the duration of exposure (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sevoflurane general anesthesia during early pregnancy on AIM2 expression in the hippocampus and parietal cortex of Sprague‑Dawley offspring rats

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2021

Exp Ther Med

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exposure to sevoflurane general anesthesia during early pregnancy on interferon-inducible protein AIM2 (AIM2) expression in the hippocampus and parietal cortex of the offspring Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. A total of 18 SD rats at a gestational age of 5-7 days were randomly divided into three groups: i) A control group (control); ii) 2-h sevoflurane general anesthesia, group 1 (S1); and iii) 4-h sevoflurane general anesthesia, group 2 (S2). The six offspring rats in each group were maintained for 30 days and assessed by Morris water maze testing. Brain specimens were collected from offspring rats 30 days after birth. Changes in the structural morphology of neurons in the hippocampus and parietal cortex were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Nissl bodies in the hippocampus and parietal cortex were observed by Nissl staining. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), AIM2, CD45 and IL-1β was detected by immunohistochemistry and the protein levels of CD45, IL-1β, pro-caspase-1 and caspase-1 p10 were detected by western blotting. Compared with the control group, offspring rats in the S1 and S2 groups exhibited poor long-term learning and memory ability and experienced different degrees of damage to both the hippocampus and parietal cortex. The expression levels of GFAP, AIM2, CD45, IL-1β, caspase-1 and caspase-1 p10 in the offspring of both the S1 and the S2 groups were significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with offspring of the control group. Moreover, compared with the offspring of the S1 group, hippocampal and parietal cortex injury in the offspring of the S2 group was further aggravated, and the expression of GFAP, AIM2, CD45, IL-1β, pro-caspase-1 and cleaved-caspase-1 was significantly increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, sevoflurane general anesthesia in SD rat early pregnancy promoted the expression of AIM2 and the inflammatory response in the hippocampus and parietal cortex of offspring rats.

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Anesthetics influence concussive head injury induced blood-brain barrier breakdown, brain edema formation, cerebral blood flow, serotonin levels, brain pathology and functional outcome

Cited by 19 publications

References 137 publications

Efficacy of Melatonin in Animal Models of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Stratified Meta-Analysis

Efficacy of Melatonin in Animal Models of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Stratified Meta-Analysis

Behavioral and Neuronal Effects of Inhaled Bromine Gas: Oxidative Brain Stem Damage

Effects of sevoflurane general anesthesia during early pregnancy on AIM2 expression in the hippocampus and parietal cortex of Sprague‑Dawley offspring rats

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