Anesthetic-, irrigation- and pain-free dentistry? The case for a femtosecond laser enabled intraoral robotic device

Rapp, Ludovic; Madden, Steve; Rodé, A. V.; Walsh, Laurence J.; Spallek, Heiko; Nguyen, Quan Dong; Dau, Van Thanh; Woodfield, Peter; Dao, Dzung Viet; Zuaiter, Omar; Habeb, Alaa; Hirst, Timothy R.

doi:10.3389/fdmed.2022.976097

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Most studies on fs lasers in dentistry report minimal temperature rise of surrounding material 22,24 which can be attributed to the “cold ablation” phenomenon exhibited by fs lasers. Some studies also suggest that irrigation may not be needed for dental procedures 4,8 . However, this requires further investigation now that high‐power fs lasers are available which can achieve ablation rates that are comparable to high‐speed burs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies also suggest that irrigation may not be needed for dental procedures. 4,8 However, this requires further investigation now that high-power fs lasers are available which can achieve ablation rates that are comparable to highspeed burs.…”

Section: Challenges To Clinical Adoption Of Femtosecond Laser Roboticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Robotic laser dentistry has the potential to shape the future of dental practice by replacing manually operated high-speed dental drills with automated femtosecond (fs) lasers. 3,4 In addition, fs laser treatment is anticipated to be more convenient for the patient, reducing pain associated with conventional mechanical forces, with less noise and negligible vibration. Compared with other systems (e.g., 5 ), thermomechanical stress is low and thermal damage can be avoided.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, fs lasers do not require water on the surface and work for all kinds of restoration materials (including metals) while erbium lasers are limited to water-absorbing materials. Thus, we have selected the fs laser for investigation for automation applications (see 4 ) because of the superior surface quality, 3,9 the wide range of applicable dental materials and the absence of micro-explosions which means vibration-free cavity preparationwith potentially even lower patient discomfort than erbium lasers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With robotic laser dentistry on the horizon, 1,2 it is anticipated that automated dental restorative treatment with femtosecond (fs) lasers will require accurate predictions of the geometry of the resulting cavity before the actual ablation takes place. Robotic laser dentistry has the potential to shape the future of dental practice by replacing manually operated high‐speed dental drills with automated femtosecond (fs) lasers 3,4 . In addition, fs laser treatment is anticipated to be more convenient for the patient, reducing pain associated with conventional mechanical forces, with less noise and negligible vibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical penetration models for practical prediction of femtosecond laser ablation of dental hard tissue

Woodfield,

Rode,

Dao

et al. 2024

Lasers Surg Med

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ObjectivesTo develop and practically test high‐precision femtosecond laser ablation models for dental hard tissue that are useful for detailed planning of automated laser dental restorative treatment.MethodsAnalytical models are proposed, derived, and demonstrated for practical calculation of ablation rates, ablation efficiency and ablated morphology of human dental enamel and dentin using femtosecond lasers. The models assume an effective optical attenuation coefficient for the irradiated material. To achieve ablation, it is necessary for the local energy density of the attenuated pulse in the hard tissue to surpass a predefined threshold that signifies the minimum energy density required for material ionization. A 1029 nm, 40 W carbide 275 fs laser was used to ablate sliced adult human teeth and generate the data necessary for testing the models. The volume of material removed, and the shape of the ablated channel were measured using optical profilometry.ResultsThe models fit with the measured ablation efficiency curve against laser fluence for both enamel and dentin, correctly capturing the fluence for optimum ablation and the volume of ablated material per pulse. The detailed shapes of a 400‐micrometer wide channel and a single‐pulse width channel are accurately predicted using the superposition of the analytical result for a single pulse.ConclusionsThe findings have value for planning automated dental restorative treatment using femtosecond lasers. The measurements and analysis give estimates of the optical properties of enamel and dentin irradiated with an infrared femtosecond laser at above‐threshold fluence and the proposed models give insight into the physics of femtosecond laser processing of dental hard tissue.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges To Clinical Adoption Of Femtosecond Laser Roboticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Optical penetration models for practical prediction of femtosecond laser ablation of dental hard tissue

Woodfield,

Rode,

Dao

et al. 2024

Lasers Surg Med

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Investigation of laser wavelength effect on the ablation of enamel and dentin using femtosecond laser pulses

Rapp,

Madden,

Brand

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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We investigated the effect of femtosecond (fs) laser ablation of enamel and dentin for different pulse wavelengths: infrared (1030 nm), green (515 nm), and ultra-violet (343 nm) and for different pulse separations to determine the optimal irradiation conditions for the precise removal of dental hard tissues with the absence of structural and compositional damage. The ablation rates and efficiencies were established for all three laser wavelengths for both enamel and dentin at room temperature without using any irrigation or cooling system, and the surfaces were assessed with optical and scanning electron microscopy, optical profilometry, and Raman spectroscopy. We demonstrated that 515 nm fs irradiation provides the highest rate and efficiency for ablation, followed by infrared. Finally, we explored the temperature variations inside the dental pulp during the laser procedures for all three wavelengths and showed that the maximum increase at the optimum conditions for both infrared and green irradiations was 5.5 °C, within the acceptable limit of temperature increase during conventional dental treatments. Ultra-violet irradiation significantly increased the internal temperature of the teeth, well above the acceptable limit, and caused severe damage to tooth structures. Thus, ultra-violet is not a compatible laser wavelength for femtosecond teeth ablation.

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Investigation of laser wavelength effect on the ablation of enamel and dentin using femtosecond laser pulses

Rapp,

Madden,

Brand

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated the effect of femtosecond (fs) laser ablation of enamel and dentin for different pulse wavelengths: infrared (1030 nm), green (515 nm), and ultra-violet (343 nm) and for different pulse separations to determine the optimal irradiation conditions for the precise removal of dental hard tissues with the absence of structural and compositional damage. The ablation rates and efficiencies were established for all three laser wavelengths for both enamel and dentin at room temperature without using any irrigation or cooling system, and the surfaces were assessed with optical and scanning electron microscopy, optical profilometry, and Raman spectroscopy. We demonstrated that 515 nm fs irradiation provides the highest rate and efficiency for ablation, followed by infrared. Finally, we explored the temperature variations inside the dental pulp during the laser procedures for all three wavelengths and showed that the maximum increase at the optimum conditions for both infrared and green irradiations was 5.5˚C, within the acceptable limit of temperature increase during conventional dental treatments. Ultra-violet irradiation significantly increased the internal temperature of the teeth, well above the acceptable limit, and caused severe damage to tooth structures. Thus, ultra-violet is not a compatible laser wavelength for femtosecond teeth ablation.

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Anesthetic-, irrigation- and pain-free dentistry? The case for a femtosecond laser enabled intraoral robotic device

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Optical penetration models for practical prediction of femtosecond laser ablation of dental hard tissue

Optical penetration models for practical prediction of femtosecond laser ablation of dental hard tissue

Investigation of laser wavelength effect on the ablation of enamel and dentin using femtosecond laser pulses

Investigation of laser wavelength effect on the ablation of enamel and dentin using femtosecond laser pulses

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