“…Propofol on its own roughly maintains the α peak frequency with an anteriorization of power (decrease occipital, increase frontal), see Figure 1B; though an additional broadband “beta buzz” just above α frequencies, “biphasic” response dynamics and smooth transitions to lower frequencies can confound the picture (Schwender et al, 1996; Kuizenga et al, 1998, 2001; Feshchenko et al, 2004; Breshears et al, 2010; Cimenser et al, 2011). We assume here from previous theoretical studies (Liley et al, 2003; Hutt and Schimansky-Geier, 2008; Hutt and Longtin, 2010; Hindriks and van Putten, 2012) that these complications can be accounted for by mechanisms not considered in this work, in particular the prominent γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) agonism of propofol that affects dominantly inhibitory postsynaptic currents (Kitamura et al, 2003). Furthermore, the acceleration due to ketamine observed by Hayashi et al (2007) and Tsuda et al (2007) that we wish to describe occurred on top of a clear α rhythm at steady propofol concentration, see Figure 1C.…”