Anesthetic effects of isoflurane and propofol on cerebrospinal fluid biochemical markers in healthy dogs

Abstract

| INTRODUC TI ONBrain function is strictly related to metabolic dynamics. Energy dysregulation is currently recognized as an important pathogenic pathway of many central nervous system (CNS) disorders in humans and dogs. 1 Subsequently, the study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) brain energy metabolism (BEM) markers has gained increasing attention in both human and veterinary medicine. Lactate, pyruvate, glucose, creatine kinase (CK), electrolytes, and glutamate have intriguing potentials as diagnostic and prognostic tools for many CNS diseases. [2][3][4][5][6] Abstract Background: The study of brain energy metabolism (BEM) markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool for many central nervous system (CNS) diseases. To date, in veterinary medicine, few studies are reporting physiologic ranges for some BEM markers. Recently, the influence of anesthetic drugs on BEM markers has been described in mice; subsequently, the study of CSF-BEM markers has gained increasing attention. Objectives:The effects of anesthetic agents on BEM are poorly understood in dogs.The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of propofol, isoflurane, and the duration of anesthesia on CSF-BEM markers in dogs.Methods: Nine dogs were anesthetized at two different periods, one month apart.In the first period, the dogs were intravenously anesthetized with propofol (PROgroup), and in the second period, the dogs received inhalant anesthesia with isoflurane (ISO-group). In both cases, CSF and blood were collected 15 minutes (T0) and 3 hours after induction (T3) and analyzed for lactate, pyruvate, glucose, creatine kinase, glutamate, and electrolyte concentrations. Results: CSF lactate (CSF-L) showed variation depending on the anesthetic agent and time, being significantly lower after 3 hours of anesthesia in the PRO-group and showing a trend to increase over time in the ISO-group. No changes were detected over time or between groups in CSF glutamate, glucose, or electrolytes. Conclusions: The results of this study support that the anesthetic drug choice and length of the general anesthesia should be considered when CSF-L analyses are interpreted in dogs. K E Y W O R D S Anesthesia, biomarkers, brain energy metabolism, cerebrospinal fluid, dogs, lactate | 271 SEISDEDOS Et al.

Association between cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration and central nervous system disease in dogs

“…It was found that anesthetics should only minimally affect lactate concentrations. It has been demonstrated that propofol decreased, and isoflurane increased CSF lactate concentrations 3 hours after anesthesia 29 . Every dog in this study was anesthetized for less than 1 hour and received identical anesthetic drugs.…”

Cisternal versus lumbar cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration in healthy dogs

“…The age and anaesthetic drugs have been described as possible influences on the CSFL in Pugliese et al (2005) and Horn and Klein (2010). Recent studies like Seisdedos et al (2019) reflect a significant variation between the CSFL concentrations due to the anaesthetic agent used (either propofol or isoflurane) and the anaesthesia time of the puncture (either 15 min or 3 h after the anaesthesia induction). Animals with similar ages and only two different anaesthetic protocols have been used in this study, in accordance with concurrent research projects, in order to minimise the variability observed among the studies.…”

Acupuncture in the Anesthetic Recovery of Bitches Submitted to Ovariohysterectomy

“…Cardiorespiratory depression caused by anesthetics can be explained by the interference of the anesthetic drugs in the central nervous system. Seisdedos et al [5] demonstrated this interference through the analysis of hypoxia biomarkers, such as lactate, in the cerebrospinal fluid of healthy dogs, and showed that its effects are related to the drugs used and the duration of the anesthesia.…”