Anesthesia of rainbow trout with citronellal: Efficacy and biochemical effects

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the anesthetic efficacy and biochemical effects of citronellal on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish were exposed to 200–800 µl/L citronellal to find the anesthesia induction and recovery times. The deep anesthesia stage was reached within 117–613 s, using 800–200 µl/L citronellal, respectively, and all fish recovered within 240–420 s. To assess biochemical responses, the fish were exposed to 200, 400, 600, and 800 µl/L of citronellal and blood‐sampled after deep anesthesia. The results showed that anesthesia led to significant elevations in blood erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, plasma lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase; these parameters exhibited increasing trends as citronellal concentration increased. These results along with significantly higher plasma lysozyme activity, cortisol, and glucose levels in 200 µl/L treatment suggest that an increase in citronellal concentration significantly mitigates hypoxia/stress responses in the fish. Significant elevations in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and malondialdehyde level were observed in the 200 µl/L treatment, which suggests induction of hemolysis and oxidative stress in this treatment. There was a tendency to higher ammonia levels along with the increase in citronellal concentration, which might be due to early ammonia accumulation because of lower opercular movement in the fish. Except for blood hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume, there were no significant differences between the 600 and 800 µl/L citronellal treatments. In conclusion, high concentrations of citronellal are more suitable for trout anesthesia and blood sampling than low concentrations. Based on the present study, 600–800 µl/L citronellal is recommended for trout anesthesia.

Effects of Dietary Thiamine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzymes’ Activity, and Biochemical Parameters of Beluga, Huso huso, Larvae

“…Zinc sulfate precipitation method was used to measure IgM [30]. Lysozyme activity was measured by turbidimetric assay based on Hoseini et al [31]. Alternative complement (ACH50) activity was measured based on the sheep red blood cell hemolysis method [31].…”

Efficiency of Ocimum basilicum and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils on anesthesia and histopathology of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

“…Anesthetics are used in aquaculture to reduce stress and prevent physical injury during handling procedures and transport (Ananias et al, 2022; Hoseini et al, 2021; Yousefi et al, 2022). The most common anesthetics used in aquaculture are benzocaine, quinaldine, tricaine methanesulphonate (MS‐222), and 2‐phenoxyethanol (Ananias et al, 2022; Priborsky & Velisek, 2018).…”

“…The most common anesthetics used in aquaculture are benzocaine, quinaldine, tricaine methanesulphonate (MS‐222), and 2‐phenoxyethanol (Ananias et al, 2022; Priborsky & Velisek, 2018). However, these anesthetics cause undesirable effects such as stressors, gill irritation, hyperactivity, excessive mucus secretion, and are also expensive (Aydın & Barbas, 2020; Gilderhus & Marking, 1987; Hoseini et al, 2021; Palić et al, 2006). Therefore, plant essential oils represent an excellent alternative to replace synthetic products.…”

Temperature-induced changes in the hematological and biochemical parameters of Nile tilapia anesthetized with Ocimum basilicum

“…Similar results were observed in gold sh (Carassius auratus) anesthetized with propofol and clove oil at a temperature of 22ºC (Gholipourkanani and Ahadizadeh, 2013).Gholipourkanani and Ahadizadeh (2013) observed an increase in MCV value with the use of the synthetic anesthetic propofol and a reduction with the natural anesthetic clove oil, while for MCH, an opposite trend was observed. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) anesthetized with citronellal at a temperature of 14.2ºC, an increase in the concentration of the essential oil also led to a reduction in these parameters(Hoseini et al 2021).Erythrocytes are the most abundant cells in sh, and variations in their count can in uence the metabolic rate and hematological parameters of sh(Witeska 2013). These cells play an essential role in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide (Ranzani-Paiva et al 2013).…”