Anesthesia of pet birds

Curro, Thomas G.

doi:10.1016/s1055-937x(98)80053-4

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In general, inhalant Isoflurane has been touted as the safest anesthetic (Ludders, 2001;Abou-Madi, 2001;Curro, 1998) or the anesthetic of choice (chap 24 in Avian Anesthesia book; Ritchie, 1991) for birds. Consequently, Isoflurane was initially used for all species, except for owls (last species -I knew better by this time), in an attempt to keep methods identical throughout the experiment for ease of comparison between species.…”

Section: Appendix C-anesthesia In Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This presents several problems when using any anesthetic for a long procedure, such as dehydration, loss of metabolites, blood sugar, and vascular volume, and hypo-oxygenation, any of which could result in shock and death (personal Isoflurane is not a good choice of anesthetic if hypoventilation and apnea are concerns, as Isoflurane has been shown to have a dose-dependent hypoventilatory effect in birds, and some avian species (for example the African grey parrot) are particularly susceptible to this effect (Ludders, 2001;Goelz, Hahn, and Kelley, 1990;Abou-Madi, 2001;Curro, 1998).…”

Section: Appendix C-anesthesia In Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, a typical surgery is rarely over 2 hours. In the event that a prolonged procedure is needed, the clinical literature unconditionally advises ventilatory support (Curro, 1998;) among other maintenance issues such as fluid replacement. Most clinicians and researchers are more conservative, advising intubated ventilatory support for any procedure that lasts more than 10 or 30 minutes (Sinn, 1994;Ritchie,1991;Muir and Hubbell, 1995), or even for any Isoflurane procedure regardless of length (Ludders, 2001;Abou-Madi, 2001).…”

Section: Appendix C-anesthesia In Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is extremely easy to induce tracheal trauma on a small bird. In addition, such narrow tubes have very high resistance to gas flow, and furthermore will easily become plugged with mucous or blood (Curro, 1998).…”

Section: Appendix C-anesthesia In Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial contrast sensitivity of birds

2006

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Contrast sensitivity (CS) is the ability of the observer to discriminate between adjacent stimuli on the basis of their differences in relative luminosity (contrast) rather than their absolute luminances. Prior to this study, birds had been thought to have low contrast detection thresholds relative to mammals and fishes. This was a surprising phenomenon because birds had been traditionally attributed with superior vision. In addition, the low CS of birds could not be explained by retinal or optical factors, or secondary stimulus characteristics. Unfortunately, avian contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) were sparse in the literature, so it was unknown whether low contrast sensitivity was a general phenomenon in birds. This study measured CS in six species of birds The quail and pigeon data obtained in this experiment fit well with existing CS data for these species. The kestrel data were not similar to kestrel data in the literature; however the data in the literature were collected from a single subject. All of the birds studied had contrast sensitivities that were consistent with their retinal or optical morphologies relative to other birds (in species for which such data exists) and seem well suited for their natural environments. In addition, all of these birds exhibited low CS relative to humans and most mammals, which suggests that low CS is a general phenomenon of birds.Explanations for this avian low CS phenomenon include a possible trade-off between contrast mechanisms and UV mechanisms in cone systems, and lateral inhibitory mechanisms that are perhaps categorically different from mammals. Lateral inhibition affects contrast gain, and has been shown to differ according to ganglion cell types, which in turn will differ in vertebrate species.

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Section: Appendix C-anesthesia In Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix C-anesthesia In Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix C-anesthesia In Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix C-anesthesia In Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial contrast sensitivity of birds

2006

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“…Entre los anestésicos inyectables empleados en aves encontramos: barbitúricos (tiopental), fenotiacínicos (acepromacina), disociativos (ketamina, tiletamina-zolazepam), agonistas a 2 adrenérgicos (xilazina) y propofol (2,6-di-isopropilfenol) (Curro 1998, Alves y col 2003. Entre los fármacos menos recomendables se encuentran los barbitúricos e hidrato de cloral (Cornick-Seahorn 1996).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estudio comparativo del efecto de las asociaciones anestésicas atropina-tiletamina/zolazepam y atropina-ketamina/diazepam en emúes (Dromaius novaehollandiae) adultos

et al. 2009

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Estudio comparativo del efecto de las asociaciones anestésicas atropina-tiletamina/ zolazepam y atropina-ketamina/diazepam en emúes (Dromaius novaehollandiae) adultosEffects of the anaesthetic associations atropine-tiletamine/zolazepam and atropine-ketamine/diazepam on adult emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) SUMMARYIn this study, the effects of the anaesthetic associations atropine IM (0.05 mg/kg)-tiletamine/zolazepam IV (4 mg/kg total) and atropine IM (0.05 mg/ kg)-ketamine IV (5 mg/kg total)/diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) on physiological, anaesthetic and biochemical responses were determined on adult emus. Animals (n = 7 per group) were randomly assigned to the two anaesthetic associations. Variables were measured at baseline, during surgical plane and during 30 min of observation. Heart rate and temperature increased at the beginning of the experimental period (between 5-10 min, P = 0.001), while respiratory frequency and pulse decreased (between 5-15 min, P = 0.003). These patterns were detected with both anaesthetic associations. Anaesthetic induction and recuperation time were not affected by treatments (P = 0.12 and P = 0.13 respectively). Emus treated with tiletamine showed a greater anaesthetic time than emus treated with ketamine (P = 0.012). Significant increases in A.S.T. and glucose were observed at 24 h post application of anaesthetic associations, resulting higher in ketamine emus (P = 0.006 and P = 0.008 respectively). Finally, there were no significant differences between anaesthetic treatments for haemoglobin, total proteins and uric acid (P = 0.99, P = 0.97 and P = 0.81 respectively). In conclusion, atropine-tiletamine/ zolazepam and atropine-ketamine/diazepam protocols resulted safe and efficient for animal manipulation, however the greater anaesthetic time observed in tiletamine-treated animals may determine preference for this anaesthetic combination.Palabras clave: emú, anestesia, tiletamina, ketamina.

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Cagebirds

Hawkins¹,

Pascoe²

2007

Zoo Animal and Wildlife Immobilization and Anesthesia

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Anesthesia of pet birds

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Spatial contrast sensitivity of birds

Spatial contrast sensitivity of birds

Estudio comparativo del efecto de las asociaciones anestésicas atropina-tiletamina/zolazepam y atropina-ketamina/diazepam en emúes (Dromaius novaehollandiae) adultos

Cagebirds

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