Anesthesia Lx. The Anesthetic Properties of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane

Krantz, John C.; Park, Chung S.; Ling, Johnson S.L.

doi:10.1097/00000542-195909000-00015

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The no observed adverse effect level for both rats and mice in this study was the highest dose tested, 1500 ppm Trichloroethane (Quast et al 1988). Krantz et al (1959) investigated the value of Trichloroethane as an anesthetic in dogs and monkeys. In a study using 10 dogs, 0.34 ml/kg Trichloroethane (route unknown) induced anesthesia, whereas 0.60 mg/kg produced respiratory failure.…”

Section: Chronic Inhalation Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Trichloroethane

2008

Int. J. of Toxicology

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Trichloroethane functions in cosmetics as a solvent. Although Trichloroethane has been reported to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be used in cosmetic products, an industry survey found that it is not in current use in the cosmetic industry. Trichloroethane is considered a Class I ozone-depleting substance by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its use is prohibited in the United States, unless considered essential. The FDA has stated that Trichloroethane's use in cosmetics is considered nonessential. Trichloroethane is detected by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas-liquid chromatography. In rats, Trichloroethane, whether inhaled or injected, is mostly expelled intact from the body through exhalation. A very small percentage is excreted in the urine. In humans, Trichloroethane is rapidly absorbed through the skin and eliminated in exhaled air and a very small percentage is excreted in urine. Inhaled Trichloroethane is eliminated in exhaled air. Acute oral LD(50) values have been reported as follows: 12.3 g/kg in male rats; 10.3 g/kg in female rats; 11.24 g/kg in female mice; 5.66 g/kg in female rabbits; and 9.47 g/kg in male guinea pigs. Acute toxicity studies using other routes of exposure, including subcutaneous injection and inhalation, produced no evidence of significant toxicity, except at very high exposure levels. Continuous inhalation exposure of rabbits to 750 mg/m(3) for 90 days did not produce any signs of toxicity. Continuous exposure of rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and monkeys to 500 ppm Trichloroethane for 6 months did not produce any signs of toxicity. Other short-term and subchronic inhalation exposures confirmed acute and short-term exposure findings that the toxic effects of inhalation were a function of both concentration and time. Rats receiving 750 or 1500 mg/kg day(- 1) Trichloroethane in corn oil by oral gavage 5 days per week for 78 weeks had reduced body weights and early mortality. Reduced body weights, decreased survival rates, and early mortality (in females) were found in mice dosed with 3000 or 6000 mg/kg day(- 1) (over the last 58 weeks; lower doses were administered for the first 20 weeks). Mice exposed to prolonged periods of Trichloroethane in an inhalation chamber had increased motor activity at levels up to 5000 ppm. Further increase of concentration of exposure resulted in less of an increase of motor activity until motor activity began to fall below normal at 10,000 ppm. Adverse effects on motor activity in rats were seen at exposures as low as 3000 ppm for 4 h. Rabbits had slight reddening and scaling after 10 24-h applications to abdominal skin of Trichloroethane mixed with 2.4% to 3.0% dioxane, and slight to moderate erythema, slight edema, and slight exfoliation was observed when 75% Trichloroethane and 25% tetrachloroethylene were applied to rabbit ears for 11 days. Undiluted Trichloroethane applied to the clipped backs of guinea pigs produced histopathologic damage in the epidermis. A primary irritation index of 5.22 (ou...

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Section: Chronic Inhalation Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Signs of moderate pain and slight, transient conjunctival irritation were observed, with no corneal damage. Krantz et al (1959) applied one drop of 5% Trichloroethane in corn oil to one eye of each of six rabbits. The treated eyes were observed for 12 h after exposure.…”

Section: Dermal Irritationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Trichloroethane

2008

Int. J. of Toxicology

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“…This substance, previously also utilized as an anesthetic (6,11), acts upon the central nervous system. Therefore studies have been carried out on volunteers to evaluate the performance after ex-posure to low levels of 1,1,1-trichloroethane.…”

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confidence: 99%

A clinical, neurophysiological and behavioral study of female workers exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

Maroni¹,

Bulgheroni²,

Mg³

et al. 1977

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…I , I , I-trichloroethane, CH,CCI,, is a widely used industrial solvent that has been promoted as a less toxic alternative to carbon tetrachloride. This solvent, which is also known as methyl chloroform, can be absorbed through intact skin, and it is rapidly absorbed through the lungs and gastrointestinal tract [Stewart, 19631. As with other solvents, a person's internal dose is affected by his or her breathing rate during exposure and blood lipid concentration [Stewart, 19631; the latter variable is important because lipophilic solvents are transported by circulating lipoproteins [Aitio, 19841. Although controlled human exposures to 1 , 1 , 1-trichloroethane have produced no apparent cardiovascular toxicity [Krantz et al, 1959;Stewart et al, 19691, several deaths have been associated with use of 1 , 1 , 1-trichloroethane as a recreational drug [Bass, 19701. The apparent discrepancy regarding toxicity between the controlled exposure studies and the case reports may result from the interaction between physical exercise and many solvents.…”

Section: 11 -Trichloroethanementioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent exposure and cardiovascular disease

Wilcosky¹,

Simonsen²

1991

American J Industrial Med

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A review of cardiovascular disease (CVD) resulting from environmental exposures pointed out the lack of studies concerned with the cardiovascular effects of hazardous environmental exposures. A later Working Group report on CVD in the workplace recommended further occupational studies of CVD, and it identified carbon monoxide, nitrates, and organic solvents as exposures especially deserving of study. The literature lacks a detailed, critical epidemiologic overview of work on this last topic. Therefore, the following review focuses on the cardiovascular effects of solvent exposures. Some major difficulties inherent in studies of CVD and environmental exposures are brought out, and some suggested areas for future epidemiologic research are discussed.

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Anesthesia Lx. The Anesthetic Properties of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Trichloroethane

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Trichloroethane

A clinical, neurophysiological and behavioral study of female workers exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

Solvent exposure and cardiovascular disease

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