Anesthesia for Laryngeal Surgery in the Office

In‐office cup biopsy and laryngeal cytology versus operating room biopsy for the diagnosis of pharyngolaryngeal tumors: Efficacy and cost‐effectiveness

“…3 The way to prevent these exploration drawbacks, or derivatives of excessive laryngeal sensitivity, is the application of local anesthetic on the area, which is a well described and validated procedure. 2,[11][12][13] This approach allows for a satisfactory exploration and, if done habitually, can prevent patients from suffering anxiety attacks derived from a bad experience of a previous endoscopic examination in the office. This approach is also popular among patients, as it decreases their anxiety and allows for both exploring and handling in a safer and more satisfying manner.…”

Transnasal tracheoscopy

“…Despite this, 3% of patients were unable to tolerate TNT, and the examinations were terminated early. As a supplement to topical lidocaine, oral delivery of benzonatate pearls13 and superior laryngeal nerve blockade22 have been suggested to achieve proper laryngeal anesthesia. However, these methods were not chosen as patients may become intolerant of their own secretions resulting in saliva aspiration 23…”

Advances in office‐based diagnosis and treatment in laryngology

“…The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SNL) pierces the thyrohyoid membrane at a point halfway between the hyoid bone and the superior border of the thyroid cartilage, and roughly halfway between the thyroid notch and the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage. This entry point of the SLN through the thyrohyoid membrane can be located for SLN nerve blocks in certain cases18; however the vast majority of patients achieve excellent results via topical anesthesia only, as described in the following section.…”