“…There are good reasons for this: many historical and contemporary political examples of problematic and, in many cases, binary-structured (`us´against `them´) essentialist argumentations exist, which are expressive of anti-pluralistic and anti-democratic sentiments and intolerance (e.g., `retrotopian´fantasies of right-wing populists that claim to be able to speak for the `people´and to make Germany, Italy or the USA `pure´and `great again´: Baumann, 2017). Likewise, qualitative social research on the practice of tolerance education indicates that educational demands to tolerate X can have a strong tendency to operate with essentialist constructions (Diehm, 2010). The same holds for empirical research on the depiction of different cultures and groups in school books (Fuchs, Niehaus, & Stoletzki, 2014).…”