Anemia in Children

Cooley, Thomas B.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1927.04130210022002

Cited by 173 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Thalassemia was recognized as a clinical entity by Cooley and Lee. Thomas B. Cooley (1927), a pioneer pediatrician, reported seven cases of splenomegaly with anemia, peculiar bone changes, and characteristic facies [2]. Originally described as a separate disease entity, this disease is now known as Cooley’s anemia or β-thalassemia major.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of malocclusion and assessment of treatment needs in β-thalassemia major children

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and treatment needs in transfusion dependent β-thalassemia major children.MethodsOne hundred transfusion dependent β-thalassemia major children visiting the Department of Pediatrics were selected randomly and evaluated for malocclusion with Angle’s classification and Dewey’s modification. The orthodontic treatment needs were also assessed using Grainger’s treatment priority index (TPI). The orthodontic treatment needs were compared to normal children.ResultsThe assessment of treatment needs revealed a higher prevalence of handicapping and severely handicapping malocclusion in thalassemic children compared to normal children. The thalassemic patients were found to show significantly more Angle’s Class II malocclusion (55 % vs. 15.7 %) when compared to normal children.ConclusionsThe higher prevalence of Angle’s Class II malocclusion and definitive malocclusion in thalassemic children indicates the importance of preventive orthodontic procedures and efforts towards providing orthodontic treatment to these children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of malocclusion and assessment of treatment needs in β-thalassemia major children

et al. 2016

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“…It has been noted since the initial description of thalassaemia (Cooley et al, 1927) that bone deformities and osteopathy of the disease are mainly caused by the overfunction and overgrowth of the bone marrow. However, no method has been developed to measure the total volume of the bone marrow, although it could be a useful tool for the evaluation of the rate of haemopoiesis and the severity of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple index for initiating transfusion treatment in thalassaemia intermedia

et al. 1987

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In order to develop an objective test for discriminating between patients with thalassaemia intermedia requiring blood transfusion, and those not likely to require transfusion the medullary width (MW) in the midpoint of the second left metacarpal and the bone mass were measured in 34 normal children and in 37 patients. In patients, blood haemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin concentration were measured and cephalofacial deformities (CFD) were scored. The mean values of MW were 0.37 +/- 0.06 and 0.44 +/- 0.1 cm (P less than 0.01) and the bone mass 0.091 +/- 0.012 and 0.078 +/- 0.02 (P less than 0.005) in normal children and patients, respectively. In 13 of these patients who had MW more than 2 SD above the mean of the controls, i.e. more than 0.5 cm, regular blood transfusions were instituted. Measurements of MW 12 and 1 month before and 12 months after the initiation of transfusions showed an increase from 0.50 to 0.60 and a decrease to 0.49, respectively. Bone mass measured at the same times decreased from 0.083 to 0.045 and increased to 0.071, respectively. These changes were visible radiologically. It is concluded, therefore, that the measurement of MW seems to be an objective, simple test for discriminating between patients requiring or not blood transfusions, and that bone deformities will be reversible if transfusions are instituted using as criterion the MW (greater than 0.5 cm) regardless of age or haemoglobin concentration. This test may help clinicians to decide about the optimal time for institution of regular transfusions in patients with thalassaemia intermedia.

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“…The final complication affecting prevalences are intrinsic and extrinsic population factors that influence the rate at which persons will suffer pathological conditions. For example, the frequency of genetically induced diseases such as sickle‐cell anemia and thalassemia, which can have osteological manifestations (Cooley et al, 1927; Sebes and Diggs, 1979; Whipple and Bradford, 1932), would cause prevalences in some areas of the world to be different from those in other areas. Similarly, environmental factors such as climate and weather, which long have been recognized to be correlated with the appearance of diseases and often are seen to be related to seasonality (Yan, 2000; De Garine, 1993; Lukacs and Walimbe, 1998; Steinbock, 1976; Ortner and Putschar, 1981; Aufderheide and Rodríguez‐Martin, 1998), also make the calculation of this statistic dependent on geographic location.…”

Section: Prevalences and Likelihoods In Paleopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayes' theorem in paleopathological diagnosis

Byers

Roberts

2003

American J Phys Anthropol

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The utility of Bayes' theorem in paleopathological diagnoses is explored. Since this theorem has been used heavily by modern clinical medicine, its usefulness in that field is described first. Next, the mechanics of the theorem are discussed, along with methods for deriving the prior probabilities needed for its application. Following this, the sources of these prior probabilities and their accompanying problems in paleopathology are considered. Finally, an application using prehistoric rib lesions is presented to demonstrate the utility of this method to paleopathology.

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Anemia in Children

Cited by 173 publications

References 1 publication

Prevalence of malocclusion and assessment of treatment needs in β-thalassemia major children

Prevalence of malocclusion and assessment of treatment needs in β-thalassemia major children

A simple index for initiating transfusion treatment in thalassaemia intermedia

Bayes' theorem in paleopathological diagnosis

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