Anemia during Pregnancy: Most Preventable yet most Prevalent

Bhalerao, Anuja; Kawthalkar, Anjali; Ghike, Sunita; Joshi, Sulabha

doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1133

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…There was no neonatal deaths s in our study. Bakhtiar et al, 10 Lone FW et al, 11 Bhalerao A et al 12 reported low APGAR score at 1 min 1.7, 1.8, 1.8 times higher risk in anaemic mothers than non-anaemic mothers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Maternal haemoglobin and perinatal outcome

Anjanappa¹,

Bh²,

Hg³

et al. 2015

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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INTRODUCTIONMaternal anaemia is common medical disorder in developing countries. Anaemia is defined as reduction in circulating haemoglobin mass below the critical value. WHO defines anaemia as haemoglobin concentration of ≤11 g/dl. Centre for Disease Control (CDC) defines anaemia as haemoglobin ≤11 mg/dl in first and third trimester and <10 gm/dl in second trimester. However, in developing countries like India, the lower limit is accepted as <10 g/dl, because of prevailing socio economic deprivation. ABSTRACTBackground: Maternal anaemia is common medical disorder in developing countries. WHO defines anaemia as haemoglobin concentration of ≤11 g/dl. However, in developing countries like India, the lower limit is accepted as <10 g/dl, because of prevailing socio economic deprivation. Anaemia in pregnancy results in complications such as post-partum haemorrhage, infection, abruption placenta, preeclampsia, increased maternal mortality and morbidity. Also, it has reported to increase the risk of adverse perinatal outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between haemoglobin levels in third trimester in pregnant women and adverse perinatal outcome. Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, ESIPGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore. 218 women were enrolled in the study. All pregnant women with term gestation, singleton pregnancy, with live fetus willing to participate in the study were included. Exclusion criteria included antepartum haemorrhage, anaemia due to acute blood loss, multiple gestation, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, stillbirths and IUDS. Haemoglobin estimation was done by cyanmethaemoglobin method. Paticipants in the study were divided into 2 groups; those with Hb<10 g/dl and those with Hb>10 g/dl.Results: Of 218 women, 69 had anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia was 31.65%; of which 84% had mild anaemia, 14.6% had moderate and only 1.4% had severe anaemia. Mean Hb levels were 12.04% among non-anaemic mothers and mean birth weight was 2.89 Kg whereas 9.14%, 2.18 kg in anaemic mothers respectively. In our study, 21% in anaemic group has birth weight <2.5 kg and only 0.06% in non-anaemic mothers (p<0.0012) 3.6 times higher. The risk of IUGR was 3.77 times higher, low APGAR score at 1 min was 3.8 times higher (p<0.0001), meconium stained liquor was 2.3 times higher and NICU admissions 2.96 times higher in anaemic mothers than non-anaemic mothers. Conclusions: Anaemia in pregnancy is one of the causes of poor perinatal outcome. Maternal anaemia is associated with the high risk of low birth weight, IUGR babies, low APGAR scores and NICU admissions and overall increase in perinatal morbidity. Hence proper antenatal care and counseling can reduce occurrence of anaemia in pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Maternal haemoglobin and perinatal outcome

Anjanappa¹,

Bh²,

Hg³

et al. 2015

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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The Impact of Maternal Anaemia on Foetal Outcome

Gadhavi¹,

Gadhavi²,

Mehul³

et al. 2018

jebmh

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BACKGROUNDIn 1993, the World Bank ranked anaemia as the 8th leading cause of disease in girls and women in the developing world. Apart from maternal morbidity and mortality, neonatal mortality is high among the babies of anaemic mothers. Pregnant women are particularly considered to be the most vulnerable group because of the additional demands that are made on maternal stores.Objectives of the study are-1) To study effects and benefits of interventions offered to patients. 2) To study the outcome of foetus in pregnant patients suffering from anaemia. 3) To screen and diagnose all the patients suffering from anaemia and give them appropriate treatment for the same and further prevention in context to public health. 4) To find out the underlying causes and factors associated with anaemia and assess the awareness in the patients regarding these causes. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study involved total of 300 antenatal anaemic booked patients in group A treated with haematinics, iron sucrose injections and folic acid supplementation. Group B contains unbooked patients who came to emergency department, corrected their anaemia level with blood transfusion. RESULTSBooked patients detected early to be anaemic and treated with inj. iron sucrose and inj. Vit B12 and folic acid have better prognosis with better foetal and maternal outcome. Patients who came to the emergency department and who were given blood transfusion to combat anaemia had maximum preterm labour, eclampsia, PPH and sepsis. CONCLUSIONThe results show early detection and correction of anaemia with iron sucrose and oral haematinics lead to better prognosis in many aspects in regard to foetomaternal health compared to group of patients who are not registered, treated with blood transfusion to correct their anaemia status. One of the causes observed for early labour or pre-term labour, low birth baby, poor Apgar score was when blood transfusion was given to unregistered patients with poor Hb% level as an emergency in this study.

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Fetal Outcome pada Kehamilan Aterm Anemia dan Tidak Anemia di RS Achmad Mochtar Bukittinggi

Azhari¹,

Yusrawati²,

Rofinda³

2016

JKA

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AbstrakAnemia pada kehamilan merupakan faktor resiko gangguan pada fetal outcome dan memiliki komplikasi yang meningkatkan maternal dan perinatal mortality. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan perbedaan fetal outcome pada kehamilan aterm dengan anemia dan tidak anemia..Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan rancangan cross sectional. Total sampel adalah 110 yang terdiri dari 55 ibu hamil aterm dengan anemia dan 55 ibu hamil aterm tidak anemia. Tekhnik pengambilan sampel adalah consecutive sampling dan analisis data menggunakan tes Mann- Whitney. Hasil uji diperoleh rerata berat badan lahir bayi pada ibu hamil aterm anemia adalah 3097,27 gr± 366,93 gr, yang sedikit lebh rendah dibandingkan pada ibu hamil aterm tidak anemia 3200,55 gr± 343,02 gr dengan nilai p= 0,214. Rerata APGAR skor pada menit pertama pada kelompok anemia adalah 7,04± 1,39, yang sedikit lebih rendah jika dibandingkan pada ibu hamil aterm tidak anemia 7.36± 0,65 dengan nilai p= 0,480. Rerata APGAR skor pada menit kelima pada kelompok anemia 8,11± 1,20 sedikit lebih rendah dibandingkan ibu hamil aterm tidak anemia 8,40± 0,62 dengan nilai p= 0,483. Rerata panjang badan lahir pada kelompok anemia adalah 48,58 cm± 1,52 cm hampir tidak memiliki perbedaan dibandingkan ibu hamil aterm tidak anemia 48,89 cm± 1,56 cm dengan nilai p=0,310. Disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan berat badan lahir, APGAR skor menit pertama dan kelima, dan panjang badan lahir pada kehamilan aterm dengan anemia dan tidak anemia.Kata kunci: berat badan lahir, APGAR skor, panjang badan lahir, wanita hamil aterm dengan anemia AbstractAnemia in pregnancy is a risk factor of fetal outcome disorder and it have complication that increase of matenal and perinatal mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the differences of fetal outcome between aterm pregnant women with anemia and non anemia.This research uses secondary data by using cross sectional study design. Total sample is 110 patient consisting of 55 aterm pregnant women with anemia and 55 are non anemia. Sampling techniques used a consecutive sampling and for analysis used Mann Whitney test.The analysis test result obtained mean birth weight babies in aterm pregnant women with anemia was 3097.27 gr± 366.93 gr abit lower compared to non anemia aterm pregnant women 3200.55 gr± 343.02 gr with p value= 0.214. The mean of APGAR score in the first minute in pregnant women with anemia was 7.04± 1.39 abit lower compared to non anemia aterm pregnant women 7.36± 0.65 with p value= 0.480 and the mean of APGAR score in the fifth minute in pregnant women with anemia was 8.11± 1.20 a bit lower compared to non anemia aterm pregnant women 8.40± 0.62 with p value= 0.483. The mean of birth lenght in aterm pregnant women with anemia was 48,58 cm± 1.52 cm almost not have differences compared to non anemia aterm pregnant women 48.89 cm± 1.56 cm with p value= 0.310. The values of p value indicated there are no significantly diferences of birth weight, APGAR score in the first and fifth minute, and birth lenght betwen pregnant women with anemia compared to non anemia aterm pregnant women.Keywords: birth weigh, APGAR score, birth lenght, aterm pregnant women with anemia

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Anemia during Pregnancy: Most Preventable yet most Prevalent

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Maternal haemoglobin and perinatal outcome

Maternal haemoglobin and perinatal outcome

The Impact of Maternal Anaemia on Foetal Outcome

Fetal Outcome pada Kehamilan Aterm Anemia dan Tidak Anemia di RS Achmad Mochtar Bukittinggi

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