Anemia and iron deficiency in primigent parturients in a municipality of Brazilian west Amazon

Abstract

To analyze the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in primiparous parturient. Cross-sectional study conducted in a municipality of the Brazilian Western Amazon from July 2014 to December 2015. A convenience sample of 461 first-time pregnant women were interviewed. Data on their sociodemographic, clinical, obstetric, personal habits and nutritional status were collected. Anemia and iron depletion were measured by peripheral blood collection with hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin and transferrin saturation index. To test the association between the variables, the χ 2 tests were applied and Poisson regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval was performed, and P < .05 values were considered significant. The Forward stepwise strategy was used to construct the adjusted model. These analyzes were performed using the STATA 14.0 program (College Station, TX, 2013). A higher risk of anemia was identified among adolescent; white; who had a partner; with unpaid occupation, with less than eight years of formal education. Residents in the countryside; smokers; who had more than six prenatal consultations and were overweight. Anemia was reported in 28.20% and iron depletion in 60.52% of parturient women. The variables studied did not have association with the anemia outcome, except alcohol consumption.

Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Brazilian women of childbearing age: a systematic review with meta-analysis

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Use of antianemics in prenatal care: A population cohort from a capital city in the North region of Brazil

“…This underscores that regardless of the healthcare setting, prenatal care remains a crucial strategy for promoting gestational health. The healthcare service's role extends beyond drug prescription to encompass the monitoring of pregnant women's treatment, ensuring that the recommended measures by the WHO and the Ministry of Health are implemented for all expectant mothers ( Barbosa et al, 2011 , James, 2021 , Santos et al, 2020 ).…”

“…In Papua New Guinea, a country with a climate similar to Brazil's and malaria, which is also present in Rio Branco, Acre (the research site), the prevalence reaches 71 % ( Fowkes et al, 2018 ). The Pan American Health Organization estimates that 42 % of pregnant women in Brazil are anemic, but studies indicate variations from 5 % to 40 % ( Santos et al, 2020 ). In the Northeast region, an estimated 30 % to 40 % of pregnant women are affected, particularly those with low socioeconomic status.…”

“…In the Northeast region, an estimated 30 % to 40 % of pregnant women are affected, particularly those with low socioeconomic status. In the North region, one study reports a prevalence of 32.2 %, while in the municipality of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre state, there is a prevalence of 17.5 % of anemia in pregnant women during the third trimester ( Campos et al, 2019 , Santos et al, 2020 ).…”

Factores asociados con inadecuados depósitos de hierro en mujeres en primer trimestre de gestación

“…La literatura indica que la edad materna es un factor de riesgo de anemia, siendo mas frecuente esta condición en adolescentes embarazadas comparado con otros grupos de edad. En las adolescentes, la aparición de anemia aumenta debido al rápido crecimiento corporal, de la madre y los tejidos fetales, lo cual frecuentemente coexiste con mala alimentación, desnutrición e insuficiente ganancia de peso durante la gestación lo que aumenta el riesgo de deficiencias nutricionales 29 . En el presente estudio las gestantes menores de 18 años tuvieron 18% más probabilidad de presentar depósitos de hierro inadecuados con respecto a las mayores de edad, situación también reportada por Méndez y colaboradores en mujeres embarazadas en el noroeste de México 30 y por Santos et al 29 en Brasil; del mismo modo, se observó en el estudio de Khambalia et al 31 y en mujeres portuguesas menores de veinte años quienes tenían un riesgo casi 12 veces mayor de deficiencia de hierro comparado con las de edades superiores 32 .…”