Anemia and blood transfusion practices in the critically ill: A prospective cohort review

Thomas, Jissy; Jensen, Louise; Nahirniak, Susan; Gibney, R. T. Noel

doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2009.07.002

Cited by 90 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…This is usually more than the patient can replenish by his or her own production, and predisposes to anemia. This phlebotomy related blood loss has been decreased with the introduction of new conservative phlebotomy techniques which are the use of small volume phlebotomy (pediatric) tubes, minimizing blood loss from the in-dwelling catheters like arterial lines, reinfusion of discarded sample from indwelling lines and reducing blood tests [2,7].…”

Section: Blood Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…World Health Organization (WHO) defines anemia as a hemoglobin (Hb) level less than 13 g/dL (milligram per deciliter) in men and less than 12 g/dL in women [1]. Various studies have shown that approximately two-thirds of critical patients admitted to an ICU have a hemoglobin concentration of less than 12 g/dl on the day of admission, and 97% of the patients become anemic after a week in ICU [2,3]. The management of anemia and its impact on critically ill patients has been a matter of debate for some time, and recently, blood product transfusion policies have been changed from liberal transfusion to restrictive transfusion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anemia in Intensive Care: A review of Current Concepts

Rawal

Kumar

Yadav

et al. 2016

The Journal of Critical Care Medicine

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Anemia in patients admitted to an intensive care unit is common and affects almost all critically ill patients. The intensivist is faced with the challenge of treating multifactorial etiologies, mainly bleeding and blood loss due to phlebotomy and decreased erythropoiesis. Red cell transfusion, the most common treatment for anemia, comes with associated risks, which may further reduce the chance of survival of these patients. The best evidence suggests the practice of restrictive RBC transfusion (transfusion at Hb<7 g/dl). In this article, the etiopathogenesis of the anemia in critically ill is reviewed, and current opinion on the pros and cons of various management strategies are discussed with emphasize on restrictive transfusion policy.

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Section: Blood Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia in Intensive Care: A review of Current Concepts

Rawal

Kumar

Yadav

et al. 2016

The Journal of Critical Care Medicine

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“…Approximately two-thirds present with a hemoglobin concentration less than 12 g/dl on admission, and 97% become anemic by Day 8 (1)(2)(3). Optimal management of the anemia of critical illness is an area of much controversy and ongoing research.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia in Critical Illness

Hayden

Albert

Watkins

et al. 2012

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

203

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Anemia is common in the intensive care unit, and may be associated with adverse consequences. However, current options for correcting anemia are not without problems and presently lack convincing efficacy for improving survival in critically ill patients. In this article we review normal red blood cell physiology; etiologies of anemia in the intensive care unit; its association with adverse outcomes; and the risks, benefits, and efficacy of various management strategies, including blood transfusion, erythropoietin, blood substitutes, iron therapy, and minimization of diagnostic phlebotomy.

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“…2 A high percentage of patients become anemic during a stay in an intensive care unit (ICU), from 60% to 66% at admission, 3,4 up to 90% by day 3, 5 and 97% by day 8. 6 Data collected during the year 2000 on more than 81 000 health plan members indicate that the highest rates of anemia are in patients with chronic kidney disease (34.5%), cancer (21%), chronic heart disease (18%), inflammatory bowel disease (13%), rheumatoid arthritis (10%), and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (10%).…”

Section: Nutritional Deficiency Anemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia, Bleeding, and Blood Transfusion in the Intensive Care Unit: Causes, Risks, Costs, and New Strategies

McEvoy

Shander

2013

American Journal of Critical Care

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The definition of anemia is controversial and varies with the sex, age, and ethnicity of the patient. Anemia afflicts half of hospitalized patients and most elderly hospitalized patients. Acute anemia in the operating room or intensive care unit is associated with increased morbidity as well as other adverse outcomes, including death. The risks of anemia are compounded by the added risks associated with transfusion of red blood cells, the most common treatment for severe anemia. The causes of anemia in hospitalized patients include iron deficiency, suppression of erythropoietin and iron transport, trauma, phlebotomy, coagulopathies, adverse effects of and reactions to medications, and stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding. The types and causes of anemia and the increased health care utilization and costs associated with anemia and undetected internal bleeding are described. The potential benefits and risks associated with transfusion of red blood cells also are explored. Last, the strategies and new tools to help prevent anemia, allow earlier detection of internal bleeding, and avoid unnecessary blood transfusions are discussed.

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Anemia and blood transfusion practices in the critically ill: A prospective cohort review

Cited by 90 publications

References 32 publications

Anemia in Intensive Care: A review of Current Concepts

Anemia in Intensive Care: A review of Current Concepts

Anemia in Critical Illness

Anemia, Bleeding, and Blood Transfusion in the Intensive Care Unit: Causes, Risks, Costs, and New Strategies

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