Andrographolide, A Natural Antioxidant: An Update

Abstract

Traditionally, Andrographis paniculata has been used as an herbal remedy for lung infection treatments. Its leaves contain a diterpenoid labdane called andrographolide responsible for a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. This manuscript is a brief review of the antioxidant mechanisms and the regulation of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) signaling pathway by andrographolide.

Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and anti-viral activities: A novel therapeutic target for COVID-19

“…Andrographolide induces ER stress leading to cancer cell death due to apoptosis through the induction of ROS [48], which can inhibit virus-induced carcinogenesis. Additional inhibitory effects of andrographolide include that of cell migration, invasion, matrix metalloproteinase expression, anti-angiogenesis, autophagy, and dysregulation of signaling pathway has been reported for inflammatory disorders including cancer [41,50,58,59]. Upregulation of CTLs and NK cell activity has been found after andrographolide treatment [47] which demonstrates its antiviral properties.…”

“…Andrographolide is a lactone (bicyclic diterpenoid) derived from Andrographis paniculata [40]. Like melatonin, it has several biological activities including anti-carcinogenic [41][42][43][44], anti-inflammatory [45,46], immunomodulator [47], antioxidant [48][49][50], anti-pyrogenic [51] and anti-viral properties [52][53][54][55][56][57]. Andrographolide induces ER stress leading to cancer cell death due to apoptosis through the induction of ROS [48], which can inhibit virus-induced carcinogenesis.…”

“…Oral administration of the leaves of A. paniculata is effective in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, liver toxicity and a variety of other ailments [60]. Moreover, several clinical trials demonstrate its positive effects on infectious disease, autoimmune disorders and it has a potential effect against viral defenses [44,50,52]. Moreover, it exerts anti-viral activity towards a number of different viruses including HIV, hepatitis B, herpes simplex, influenza, hepatitis C, chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV) dengue virus (DENV) and others [51,56,57,[61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72].…”

Canthin-6-One 9-O-Beta-Glucopyranoside: an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID 19) proteases PLpro and Mpro/ 3CLpro

“…Medicinal plant and their natural components A. paniculata, E. harmandiana and S. avescens are highly valuable medicinal plant reported by ul Qamar, Mussard, Ra [26,29,31] and JayaKumar [30] and others researchers and it is mainly used as an herbal remedy for the treatments of lung, sore throat, u & upper respiratory tract infections, inhibitors activity of NS1, NS3/NS2B and NS5 proteins of dengue virus and anti-in ammatory, anti-tumor, anti-HIV, antibacterial, antifeedant, antidiabetic, antiviral & other pharmacological activities. The molecular properties of the natural components of three pertinent medicinal plant were retrieved from the PubChem database ( [36].…”

Oral Bioavailability Enhancement and Anti-Fatigue Assessment of the Andrographolide Loaded Solid Dispersion

“…Andrographolide (AG) is a major diterpene lactone isolated from AP. Several studies have discovered the pharmacological activities of AG, and these findings demonstrated that AG might have potential for the alleviation of several diseases caused by the oxidative stress, and the main mechanisms include the activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation [2][3][4]. Recent studies have demonstrated that antioxidant supplementation may serve as a practical strategy for the alleviation of physical fatigue through modulating oxidative stress and inflammation status [5][6][7].…”