Androgens, estrogens, and cardiovascular disease: considerations for women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Kim, Helen H.

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.06.025

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, testosterone levels were similar among pre-and postmenopausal women [68], which suggested that fat redistribution may be affected by a marked decrease in estrogen levels as opposed to testosterone levels. Moreover, it was also observed that the androgen to estrogen ratio was also elevated in premenopausal women with polycystic ovarian syndrome [69,70].…”

Section: Fat Redistribution In Postmenopausal Womenmentioning

confidence: 95%

Energy Metabolism Changes and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

Jung

2021

Nutrients

105

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Aging women experience hormonal changes, such as decreased estrogen and increased circulating androgen, due to natural or surgical menopause. These hormonal changes make postmenopausal women vulnerable to body composition changes, muscle loss, and abdominal obesity; with a sedentary lifestyle, these changes affect overall energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate. In addition, fat redistribution due to hormonal changes leads to changes in body shape. In particular, increased bone marrow-derived adipocytes due to estrogen loss contribute to increased visceral fat in postmenopausal women. Enhanced visceral fat lipolysis by adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase triggers the production of excessive free fatty acids, causing insulin resistance and metabolic diseases. Because genes involved in β-oxidation are downregulated by estradiol loss, excess free fatty acids produced by lipolysis of visceral fat cannot be used appropriately as an energy source through β-oxidation. Moreover, aged women show increased adipogenesis due to upregulated expression of genes related to fat accumulation. As a result, the catabolism of ATP production associated with β-oxidation decreases, and metabolism associated with lipid synthesis increases. This review describes the changes in energy metabolism and lipid metabolic abnormalities that are the background of weight gain in postmenopausal women.

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Section: Fat Redistribution In Postmenopausal Womenmentioning

confidence: 95%

Energy Metabolism Changes and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

Jung

2021

Nutrients

105

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“…Our study also found that statins as a class were associated with increased risk of androgenetic alopecia and polycystic ovaries, atorvastatin was associated with increased risk of androgenetic alopecia and blood testosterone increased, and simvastatin was associated with increased risk of androgenetic alopecia and polycystic ovaries. Interestingly, these AEs were all associated with androgen excess 30,31 . However, some previous studies indicated that statins could reduce serum androgen levels 4,32 , which seems paradoxical to interpret our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovary and uterus related adverse events associated with statin use: an analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System

Jiao

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Experimental studies have demonstrated statin-induced toxicity for ovary and uterus. However, the safety of statins on the functions of ovary and uterus in real-world clinical settings remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify ovary and uterus related adverse events (AEs) associated with statin use by analyzing data from FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). We used OpenVigil 2.1 to query FAERS database. Ovary and uterus related AEs were defined by 383 Preferred Terms, which could be classified into ten aspects. Disproportionality analysis was performed to assess the association between AEs and statin use. Our results suggest that statin use may be associated with a series of ovary and uterus related AEs. These AEs are involved in ovarian cysts and neoplasms, uterine neoplasms, cervix neoplasms, uterine disorders (excl neoplasms), cervix disorders (excl neoplasms), endocrine disorders of gonadal function, menstrual cycle and uterine bleeding disorders, menopause related conditions, and sexual function disorders. Moreover, there are variabilities in the types and signal strengths of ovary and uterus related AEs across individual statins. According to our findings, the potential ovary and uterus related AEs of statins should attract enough attention and be closely monitored in future clinical practice.

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Androgens, estrogens, and cardiovascular disease: considerations for women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Energy Metabolism Changes and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

Energy Metabolism Changes and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

Ovary and uterus related adverse events associated with statin use: an analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System

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