Androgens, Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids, and Inhibitors

Donahue, James L.; Löwenthal, David

doi:10.1097/00045391-200007060-00005

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In this context, humans are exposed to supraphysiological doses of androgens well after the maturation of neuroendocrine brain centers that are involved in sex behaviors. Because androgens also contribute to the pubertal development of the woman and her sexuality [5,6], it is not surprising that exposure to AAS disrupts endocrine function [7–9]. More importantly, there is increasing evidence of female AAS users reporting disturbances in libido and sexual arousability [1,2,6,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to an Anabolic Steroid Changes Female Mice's Sexual Responses According to Sex Partner

Barreto-Estrada

Parrilla-Carrero

Jorge

2007

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) affect human female sexual behaviors. Animal models have been useful in uncovering the neural mechanisms governing changes in female sexual response upon AAS exposure. Aim We quantify the sexual response of AAS-exposed gonadally intact female mice when paired with gonadally intact female or male pairs. Methods C57Bl/6 female mice were systemically exposed to the AAS 17α-methyltestosterone (7.5 mg/kg) for 17 days via a subcutaneous osmotic implant. On days 15–17, these females were allowed to mate with males or proestrus female partners in familiar and unfamiliar testing arenas for 10 minutes. Main Outcome Measures The following behavioral responses were registered: parameters related to mounting behavior such as the frequency of mounts, attempts to mount, and the latency to the first mount, anogenital investigation, fights and escapes, rejections, pelvic thrusts, and lordotic responses. Results We found that males displayed a significant decrease in the frequency of mounts to AAS-exposed females, when compared with mating encounters with control females. We found no difference in the lordosis strength when control females were mounted by either a male or AAS-exposed females. However, females under androgen exposure attempted to mount control females, but not males, and their behavior was accompanied by significant increases in the number of fights, escapes, and rejections to the male. There were no differences between AAS-exposed females and males when the frequency of mounts and pelvic thrusts toward control females were compared. The lordotic quotient of control females was similar for either partner. Conclusions Aside from showing a male-like pattern, AAS-exposed females displayed a higher frequency of anogenital investigations toward control females than males, and their latency to the first mount was as fast as that of males. Taken together, we conclude that the sex partner greatly influences the sexual response of AAS-exposed female mice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to an Anabolic Steroid Changes Female Mice's Sexual Responses According to Sex Partner

Barreto-Estrada

Parrilla-Carrero

Jorge

2007

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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“…The Leydig cells, located in the testes, produce testosterone (discovered in 1935) (51). There are 2.5 to 10 mg of testosterone produced by an adult male every day with the highest amount generated in the morning (52). Women's bodies also contain a small amount of testosterone, but in their case it is produced when androstenedione is converted to testosterone in almost all tissues.…”

Section: What Are Anabolic-androgenic Steroids?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These changes will occur without any exercise or physical training (51). Testosterone also has a growth promoting effect on bone (52).…”

Section: What Are Anabolic-androgenic Steroids?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virtually all steroids as well as testosterone are extremely lipid-soluble (52). Only one percent of the steroids inside of the body are free steroids, the rest are attached to a variety of plasma proteins.…”

Section: How Do Steroids Work?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The binding of the hormone to the receptor causes the receptor to change its shape and to migrate from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, where it associates with specific response elements and turns up or down the expression of nearby genes. The stimulated hormone-receptor complex operates as a gene regulatory protein (52).…”

Section: How Do Steroids Work?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids on aging in bodybuilders

Szlendakova¹

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CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION Cellular Aging and Telomeres What are anabolic-androgenic steroids Structure of anabolic-androgenic steroids How do steroids work? Modes of anabolic-androgenic steroid use Oral preparations Effectiveness of oral steroids lnjectible preparations Oil-based preparations Water-based preparations Transdermal preparations Anabolic-androgenic steroid use Medical uses of anabolic-androgenic steroids Side effects of steroid abuse CHAPTER 2. EXPERIMENTS, STUDIES AND RESULTS Effects of AAS on muscle structure Effects of AAS on LDLC and HDLC levels Effects of AAS on mortality in mammals Cardiac arrest in humans due to AAS Effects of AAS on overall health of humans AAS and apoptosis 3 AAS and thrombosis Effects of AAS on IGFBP levels AAS and cell proliferation Quality of OTC dietary supplements CHAPTER 3. CONCLUSION Detrimental effects of steroid use Other factors

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Erectile dysfunction: symptom or disease?

Caretta

Aversa

Bettocchi

et al. 2004

J Endocrinol Invest

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Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been defined by the National Institute of Health (NIH) as the inability to achieve and/or to maintain an erection for a sufficiently long period of time so as to permit satisfactory sexual intercourse. ED affects millions of men throughout the world and could have a negative influence on the individual's well-being as well as on the quality of life of affected subjects. Discordant data have been reported on ED epidemiology with prevalence ranging from 12% to 52%, probably depending on the different criteria utilized in the different studies for patient selection. ED is a symptom, sometimes the first, of different pathological conditions. In 15.7% of 45-yr-old patients with vascular ED a dynamic ergometric test has shown electrocardiographic alterations in the absence of any cardiac symptom. In 15% of the patients with ED, high fasting glucose plasma levels are discovered for the first time and in patients with ED and normal fasting glucose plasma levels the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus is 12.1% after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The different risk factors are often additive in the possible development of systemic vasculopathy, neuropathy and ED. ED, underestimated in clinical practice due to archaic prejudice which hinders the patient in spontaneously revealing the problem and the physicians in investigating it, can mark the point where evaluation and prevention of important diseases (such as diabetes, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis) hitherto unknown by the patients, can begin. The physicians' cultural baggage must include the ability to identify the pathology that can determine ED and the ability to program a specific diagnostic workup. In this paper the different specialists involved in ED diagnosis agreed that a clinical approach which allows the identification of systemic pathologies contributing to the development of ED constitutes an improvement in disease prognosis and may either induce a spontaneous reduction of ED or facilitate its specific treatment.

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Androgens, Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids, and Inhibitors

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Exposure to an Anabolic Steroid Changes Female Mice's Sexual Responses According to Sex Partner

Exposure to an Anabolic Steroid Changes Female Mice's Sexual Responses According to Sex Partner

The effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids on aging in bodybuilders

Erectile dysfunction: symptom or disease?

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