Androgen replacement therapy contributes to improving lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with hypogonadism and benign prostate hypertrophy: a randomised controlled study

Abstract

The status of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in urothelial inverted papilloma was examined in the present study. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from eight cases of inverted papilloma of the bladder were studied. The presence of HPV-DNA was examined by modified GP5/6+PCR using archival tissue sections by microdissection. HPV genotype was determined with a Hybri-Max HPV genotyping kit. Immunohistochemical analysis for p16-INK4a, mcm7, HPV-E4, and L1, and in situ hybridization (ISH) for the HPV genome were performed. HPV was detected in 7 of 8 cases (87.5%) of inverted papilloma. Three cases were diagnosed as inverted papilloma with atypia, while the remaining 5 were typical cases. HPV-18 was detected in two cases, including one inverted papilloma with atypia, and HPV-16 was detected in four cases, including one inverted papilloma with atypia. Multiple HPV type infection was detected in one typical case and one atypical case. High-risk HPV was present in all HPV-positive cases. Cellular proteins, p16-INK4a and mcm7, which are surrogate markers for HPV-E7 expression, were detected in all HPV-positive cases, and their levels were higher in inverted papilloma with atypia than in typical cases. In contrast, HPV-E4 and L1, which are markers for HPV propagation, were observed in some parts of the typical inverted papilloma tissue. High-risk HPV infection may be one of the causes of urothelial inverted papilloma, and inverted papilloma with atypia may have malignant potential.

Antiinflammatory effect of androgen receptor activation in human benign prostatic hyperplasia cells

“…In contrast, some uncontrolled studies have reported a gradual improvement in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) following long-term testosterone therapy in men with hypogonadism and/or metabolic syndrome (MetS) (see review in Buvat et al (2010)). A small randomized controlled trial with testosterone enanthate in 23 men with BPH tends to support these findings, with a significant decrease in the IPSS score, maximum flow rate, and voided volume in the testosterone group but not in the 23 untreated controls (Shigehara et al 2011). However, in the present sample we did not find any difference in inflammation in BPH specimens from subjects treated or not with 5a-reductase inhibitors.…”

Testosterone protects from metabolic syndrome-associated prostate inflammation: an experimental study in rabbit

“…However, some prospective (Kristal et al 2008, Trifiro et al 2010 and cross-sectional studies (Schatzl et al 2000, Tan et al 2003, Roberts et al 2004, Miwa et al 2008, St Sauver et al 2011 have demonstrated an inverse association between serum testosterone and LUTS or BPH. Consistent with these observations, testosterone replacement therapy has been reported to relieve LUTS in hypogonadal men with both BPH (Holmäng et al 1993, Saad et al 2007, Kalinchenko et al 2008, Karazindiyanoglu & Ç ayan 2008, Amano et al 2010, Shigehara et al 2011 and MetS (Haider et al 2009).…”

Androgen replacement therapy for cancer-related symptoms in male advanced cancer patients: study protocol for a randomised prospective trial (ARTFORM study)

“…Testosterone functions to keep males healthy and decreases gradually with age (7,8). Testosterone increases bone mineral density and muscle mass (9,10), improves mental function and cognitive impairment (11,12), decrease lower urinary tract symptoms and nocturia (13,14), and maintains cardiovascular health (15). On the other hand, androgen receptors in prostate cancer cells are important drivers of cancer progression and testosterone may be associated with carcinogenesis of prostate cancer and deteriorate benign prostate hyperplasia (16 -18).…”