Androgen Receptor Signaling Augments Regulatory T Cell Functions to Attenuate Allergic Airway Inflammation

Gandhi, Vivek; Cephus, Jacqueline; Chowdhury, Nowrin U; Norlander, Allison E.; Peebles, Stokes; Newcomb, Dawn C.

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.060

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Females have higher levels of estrogen, which skews the immune response toward Th2, whereas males have higher levels of androgen (AR), such as testosterone, which skews the immune response toward Th1 [52,54,55]. In addition, AR signaling can increase the ratio of lung regulatory T cells (Tregs) to Th2 cells and reduce eosinophil infiltration and Th2 cytokine production in allergic airway inflammation [56,57]. Therefore, it is evident that females with CRSwNP are more likely to develop severe symptoms than males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Otolaryngology: Focus on the Emerging Role of Estrogens in Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Responses

Luo

Chiu

Chen

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Otolaryngology (also known as ear, nose, and throat (ENT)) diseases can be significantly affected by the level of sex hormones, which indicates that sex differences affect the manifestation, pathophysiology, and outcomes of these diseases. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that proinflammatory responses in ENT diseases are linked to the level of sex hormones. The sex hormone receptors are present on a wide variety of immune cells; therefore, it is evident that they play crucial roles in regulating the immune system and hence affect the disease progression of ENT diseases. In this review, we focus on how sex hormones, particularly estrogens, regulate ENT diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis, vocal fold polyps, thyroid cancer, Sjögren’s syndrome, and head and neck cancers, from the perspectives of inflammatory responses and specialized proresolving mediator-driven resolution. This paper aims to clarify why considering sex differences in the field of basic and medical research on otolaryngology is a key component to successful therapy for both males and females in the future.

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