Androgen Receptor in Neurons Slows Age-Related Cortical Thinning in Male Mice

Abstract

Androgens via the androgen receptor (AR) are required for optimal male bone health. The target cell(s) for the effects of androgens on cortical bone remain(s) incompletely understood. In females, estrogen receptor alpha in neurons is a negative regulator of cortical and trabecular bone. Whether neuronal AR regulates bone mass in males remains unexplored. Here, we inactivated AR in neurons using a tamoxifen‐inducible CreERT2 under the control of the neuronal promoter Thy1. Tamoxifen induced a 70% to 80% reduction of AR mRNA levels in Thy1‐CreERT2‐positive brain regions cerebral cortex and brainstem as well as in the peripheral nervous tissue of male neuronal AR knockout (N‐ARKO) mice. Hypothalamic AR mRNA levels were only marginally reduced and the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis remained unaffected, as determined by normal levels of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH). In contrast to orchidectomy, deletion of neuronal AR did not alter body weight, body composition, hindlimb muscle mass, grip strength, or wheel running. MicroCT analysis of the femur revealed no changes in bone accrual during growth in N‐ARKO mice. However, 36‐ and 46‐week‐old N‐ARKO mice displayed an accelerated age‐related cortical involution, namely a more pronounced loss of cortical thickness and strength, which occurred in the setting of androgen sufficiency. Neuronal AR inactivation decreased the cancellous bone volume fraction in L5 vertebra but not in the appendicular skeleton of aging mice. MicroCT findings were corroborated in the tibia and after normalization of hormonal levels. Serum markers of bone turnover and histomorphometry parameters were comparable between genotypes, except for a 30% increase in osteoclast surface in the trabecular compartment of 36‐week‐old N‐ARKO mice. Cortical bone loss in N‐ARKO mice was associated with an upregulation of Ucp1 expression in brown adipose tissue, a widely used readout for sympathetic tone. We conclude that androgens preserve cortical integrity in aging male mice via AR in neurons. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Androgen and estrogen actions on male physical activity: a story beyond muscle

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“…(7,99) Further, androgens via the androgen receptor in neurons can slow the agerelated cortical thinning in mice. (100) Age-associated decrease in HSC functionality in congruence with the changes in the cellular composition of the bone marrow is indicative of the critical role played by the microenvironment in regulating HSC aging. In addition to changes in blood vessels, another apparent age-dependent change in the bone marrow microenvironment is the dramatic alterations in the mesenchymal cells in bone.…”

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