Androgen receptor immunohistochemistry in genitourinary neoplasms

Williams, Evelyn W.; Higgins, Julian P T; Sangoi, Ankur R.; McKenney, Jesse K.; Troxell, Megan L.

doi:10.1007/s11255-014-0834-7

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…12,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In accordance with our current findings in UUTUCs, significant decreases in the ARpositive rate have been reported in BCs, compared with nonneoplastic urothelial tissues. [14][15][16] In contrast, 2 other studies showed no AR expression in normal bladder urothelium.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…6,7 adjacent or separate non-neoplastic urothelial tissue specimens. 9 However, there were only a few studies demonstrating the expression of steroid hormone receptors, such as AR [10][11][12] and ERb, 11 in UUTUCs. In the current study, we aimed to determine the expression status of these 5 steroid hormone receptors in UUTUCs and corresponding non-neoplastic urothelial tissues as well as to assess their correlations with clinicopathological features of the tumors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of steroid hormone receptors and its prognostic significance in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Kashiwagi

Fujita

Yamaguchi

et al. 2016

Cancer Biology & Therapy

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To assess the expression status of steroid hormone receptors in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC), we immunohistochemically stained for androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor-a (ERa), ERb, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and progesterone receptor (PR) in 99 UUTUC specimens and paired nonneoplastic urothelial tissues. AR/ERa/ERb/GR/PR was positive in 20%/18%/62%/63%/16% of tumors, which was significantly lower (except PR) than in benign urothelial tissues [57% (. There were no significant associations between each receptor expression pattern and histopathological characteristic of the tumors including tumor grade/ stage. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests revealed no significant prognostic value of each receptor expression in these 99 patients. However, patients with UUTUC positive for either ERa or PR had a significantly higher risk of disease-specific mortality (P D 0.025), compared with those with UUTUC negative for both. PR positivity alone in pT3 or pT4 tumors was also strongly associated with the risk of disease-specific mortality (P D 0.040). Multivariate analysis further identified the expression of ERa and/or PR as a strong predictor for disease-specific mortality in the entire cohort of the patients (hazard ratio, 2.434; P D 0.037). Thus, in accordance with previous observations in bladder specimens, significant decreases in the expression of AR/ERa/ERb/GR in UUTUC, compared with that in non-neoplastic urothelium, were observed. Meanwhile, the negativity of both ERa and PR in UUTUC as well as the negativity of PR alone in deeply invasive tumor was suggested to serve as a prognosticator.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of steroid hormone receptors and its prognostic significance in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Kashiwagi

Fujita

Yamaguchi

et al. 2016

Cancer Biology & Therapy

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“…90,91 Immunohistochemcal studies found positive AR expression in 12.5-19.0% of primary RCC tumours. 92,93 Shortliffe et al 38 investigated the influence of testosterone on kidney morphometry in juvenile male rats. Rats that were injected with testos terone on a weekly basis had a significantly increased kidney:bodyweight ratio compared with rats in the control groups (P <0.05).…”

Section: Gender Differences In Rccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in incidence and outcomes of urothelial and kidney cancer

et al. 2015

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A gender discrepancy exists in the incidence of both urothelial and kidney carcinomas, with more men presenting with these cancers than women. Men have a threefold greater risk of developing bladder cancer than women, but female gender has been identified as an independent adverse prognostic factor for both recurrence and progression of this disease. In particular, women with bladder cancer are often diagnosed with a higher tumour stage than men. Conclusive data on the influence of gender on outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma are currently lacking, although men seem to have a higher disease incidence, whereas survival outcomes might be independent of gender. Patients with renal cell carcinoma are more often men and they typically have larger tumours and higher stage and grade disease than women with this cancer. Smoking habits, tumour biology, occupational risk factors and sex steroid hormones and their receptors could have a role in these observed gender disparities. The majority of data support the theory that gender influences incidence and prognosis of urothelial and kidney cancers; men and women are different genetically and socially, making the consideration of gender a key factor in the clinical decision-making process. Thus, the inclusion of this variable in validated prognostic tables and nomograms should be discussed as a matter of importance.

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“…Finally, data were available from five studies on AR expression and bladder cancer susceptibility (568 tumor cases vs. 523 normal controls), six studies on AR expression and tumor grade (387 low grade vs. 663 high grade cases), nine studies on AR expression and tumor stage (582 non-invasive vs. 712 invasive cases), five studies on AR expression and RFS (414 cases) and four studies on AR expression and PFS (319 cases). The essential information of the included studies was listed in Table I ( [8][9][10][11][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and clinical significance of androgen receptor in bladder cancer: A meta-analysis

Chen

Liu

et al. 2017

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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Abstract. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that androgen receptor (AR) is a promising therapeutic target for bladder cancer. However, the relationship between AR expression and its clinical significance remains controversial. The present in-depth meta-analysis aimed to investigate the correlation between AR expression and clinicopathological features, as well as prognostic value in bladder cancer. A systematic search was performed from PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase and the Cochrane Central Search Library by January 2017. The correlation between AR expression and tumor stage, tumor grade, recurrence free survival and progression free survival for patients with bladder cancer was evaluated. A total of 12 relevant studies with 1,652 patient samples were included. AR expression positively correlated with low tumor grade [odds ratio (OR), 1.95; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.36-2.81], low tumor stage (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.02-4.16) and low recurrence rate [hazard ratio (HR), 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31-0.75] in Caucasian patients. While, its expression had no significant impact on cancer susceptibility (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, P= 0.44) and progression-free survival (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, P=0.77). The present meta-analysis indicated that AR expression correlates with tumor grade, clinical stage and recurrence rates in the specified population and classification system.Further studies are required to determine the precise role of AR in bladder cancer.

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Androgen receptor immunohistochemistry in genitourinary neoplasms

Cited by 45 publications

References 22 publications

Expression of steroid hormone receptors and its prognostic significance in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Expression of steroid hormone receptors and its prognostic significance in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Gender differences in incidence and outcomes of urothelial and kidney cancer

Expression and clinical significance of androgen receptor in bladder cancer: A meta-analysis

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