Androgen Levels in Adult Females: Changes with Age, Menopause, and Oophorectomy

Davison, Sonia Louise; Bell, Robin Jean; Donath, Susan; Montalto, Joseph; Davis, Susan R.

doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0212

Cited by 850 publications

(650 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It has been reported that circulating androgens in postmenopausal women do not originate from the ovaries but from the adrenal gland since levels of androgens in postmenopausal women with natural menopause and those with surgical menopause were not different (89). It was later shown in a cross-sectional study that total and free testosterone levels in women aged 55 years or older with bilateral oophorectomy were significantly lower than those in age-matched women (90). A longitudinal study also showed a 42% decline in testosterone level in postmenopausal women who underwent oophorectomy, suggesting that the postmenopausal ovary is hormonally active and contributes significantly to the circulating pool of testosterone (91).…”

Section: Site Of Androgen Production In Postmenopausal Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen in postmenopausal women

et al. 2012

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Dynamic changes in circulating estradiol level, including increase at menarche and decrease at menopause, occur in a woman's lifetime. Circulating estradiol levels decrease drastically during the menopausal transition, though the levels differ among races. It has been reported that estradiol levels in both Japanese and Chinese women were lower than those in Caucasians, Hispanic and AfricanAmericans (1).Based on data obtained in a previous study (2), we re-analyzed data for 169 healthy men and 252 healthy women aged from 40 to 85 years in the population-based study with addition of data for premenopausal women. Change in circulating estradiol in women from the menopausal transition to postmenopause is characterized as follows : high estradiol level in premenopausal women is drastically decreased and estradiol level in postmenopausal women is significantly lower than that in agematched men. Mean estradiol levels were shown to be 20.1 pg/ml in men and 6.1 pg/ml in postmenopausal women (Figure 1). This dynamic decrease in REVIEW Androgen in postmenopausal women

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Section: Site Of Androgen Production In Postmenopausal Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen in postmenopausal women

et al. 2012

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“…Serum estradiol levels were also lower in the same age group, but LH levels did not vary significantly in any of the age groups. Recent largescale cohort studies conducted in Australia [235][236][237][238], Norway [239], and United States [240] have provided further important insights into the overall pattern of ovarian sex steroids and gonadotropins that occur during the MT. It is reported that circulating FSH levels rise progressively during the MT and that in perimenopausal women estradiol production fluctuates with FSH and often reaches higher concentrations than those in young normal cycling women below the age of 35.…”

Section: Aging and Secretion Of Female Sex-steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have reported that diurnal rhythmicity of cortisol [254,257,[269][270][271][272][273][274][275][276][277][278][279][280] and ACTH [238,263] is also unaffected by aging in both sexes, but there are some exceptions. For example, some studies reported higher evening [251,281] and morning [278] cortisol levels at older ages; higher 24h mean cortisol concentrations at older ages have also been reported in both men and women [269,270,272,281,282].…”

Section: Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Aging on Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Secretion

Zaidi¹

2013

TOLSJ

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Steroid hormones are lipophilic, low-molecular weight organic compounds all of which are derived from cholesterol. They are primarily synthesized by steroidogenic glands such as gonads (ovary and testis), the adrenal gland and, during pregnancy, by the placental trophoblasts. Limited steroid synthesis also takes place in the brain. Steroid hormones are crucial for the proper functioning of the body. They mediate a wide variety of vital physiological functions, ranging from maintaining normal reproductive function and secondary sexual characteristics, to regulating virtually every metabolic process in the body. Like many age-related endocrine disorders, aging also progressively impacts the tissue-specific synthesis and secretion of steroid hormones. The goal of this review is to summarize the effects of aging on steroid hormone synthesis and secretion by the adrenal gland and gonads of both human and experimental animal models, to describe the potential involvement of excessive oxidative stress in mediating age-related alterations in steroidogenesis, and to discuss the possible underlying mechanisms involved.

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“…Crosssectional studies have reported an age-related decrease in testosterone levels starting from the early reproductive years to the age of 65 years, followed by a small increase in late years. 25,26 However, recent insights from a longitudinal study suggest that circulating testosterone levels increase rather than decrease in women aged 38-50 years. 27 Testosterone exerts its biologic effects directly or through its metabolites (dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol).…”

Section: Testosterone Production and Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testosterone, SHBG and cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women

Brand

Schouw

2010

Int J Impot Res

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects men and women differently with women having a lower incidence and later onset of disease. Research has recently refocused interest on the cardiovascular role of androgens. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence available on the association between testosterone and cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women. Published studies relating testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) to CVD and its risk factors were reviewed. Studies included in this review suggest that increased androgenicity, characterized by high testosterone and low SHBG levels, is associated with an adverse CVD risk factor profile in postmenopausal women. However, evidence for an association with cardiovascular events is lacking and it is uncertain whether the observed associations with endogenous testosterone have clinical implications regarding the use of postmenopausal testosterone therapy. Large-scale, longitudinal studies relating testosterone and SHBG levels to cardiovascular risk factors and endpoints are needed to determine the temporal relationship between androgenicity and cardiovascular risk and to ascertain the long-term efficacy and safety of testosterone therapy in postmenopausal women.

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Androgen Levels in Adult Females: Changes with Age, Menopause, and Oophorectomy

Cited by 850 publications

References 23 publications

Androgen in postmenopausal women

Androgen in postmenopausal women

Impact of Aging on Steroid Hormone Biosynthesis and Secretion

Testosterone, SHBG and cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women

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