Androgen-independent effects of prolactin on the different lobes of the immature rat prostate

Reiter, Eric; Lardinois, S; Llug, Marc; Sente, B.; Hennuy, Benoît; Bruyninx, Marc; Closset, Jean; Hennen, Georges

doi:10.1016/0303-7207(95)03596-y

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…PRL may exert its effects on the prostate independently of androgens, as was demonstrated in in vitro models of the prostate of PRL-transgenic mice (13,16,(22)(23)(24)36). PRL may also act in prostate via androgens (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Some authors reported that PRL may promote the growth and proliferation of prostate cells in synergism with androgens (21), whereas others suggested that PRL has an independent action on prostatic growth and metabolism (22)(23)(24). We previously reported that stress hormones such as ACTH and CRH increase 3a,5a-reduced neurosteroids levels in plasma and brain of rats (25), and 5a-R enzyme plays a key role in the biosynthesis of these steroids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of sulpiride on mRNA levels of steroid 5α‐reductase isozymes in prostate of adult rats

et al. 2007

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SummaryProlactin (PRL) is implicated in prostate growth and in the development and regulation of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). PRL may exert its effects on prostate in synergism with androgens. The most active androgen in the prostate is the 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) obtained from testosterone by the 5a-reductase (5a-R) enzyme, which is expressed in the prostate as two isozymes, 5a-R1 and 5a-R2. In this study, sulpiride, a prolactin-secretion inductor, was administered to male rats. mRNA levels of 5a-R1 and 5a-R2 were measured in prostate of controls and sulpiride-treated rats, using one-step quantitative RT-PCR coupled with laserinduced fluorescence capillary electrophoresis (LIF-CE). Results demonstrated that sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia is associated with an increase in mRNA levels of both 5a-R1 and 5a-R2 in prostate of adult rats. Although a direct effect of sulpiride on prostate gland cannot be ruled out, hyperprolactinemia may be a factor to be considered in aging males, in whom prostatic diseases such as BPH and PCa are more frequent. IUBMBIUBMB Life, 60(1): [68][69][70][71][72] 2008

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sulpiride on mRNA levels of steroid 5α‐reductase isozymes in prostate of adult rats

et al. 2007

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“…10f and g), suggesting that anterior pituitary hormones are not indiscriminately expressed in prostate. This is important because GH activates Stat5 in target tissues (Choi and Waxman, 1999;Waxman et al, 1995), and GH receptors are present in rodent prostate (Reiter et al, 1995a(Reiter et al, , 1995b) and may mediate growth-regulatory effects (Colao et al, 1999;Wennbo et al, 1997). Specificity of the GH antibodies was verified by positive immunoreactivity of rat pituitary (Fig.…”

Section: Similar Levels Of Local Prl Immunoreactivity Inmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Prolactin (PRL) is one of several polypeptide factors that exert a trophic effect on the prostate (Costello and Franklin, 1994;Reiter et al, 1995aReiter et al, , 1995bReiter et al, , 1999. PRL receptors are selectively expressed in the epithelial compartment of the prostate, and in vitro studies of long term organ cultures of prostate tissue explants have demonstrated that PRL stimulates differentiation, proliferation, and survival of prostate epithelial cells (Ahonen et al, 1999;Nevalainen et al, 1991Nevalainen et al, , 1997aNevalainen et al, , 1997b.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epithelial Defect in Prostates of Stat5a-Null Mice

Nevalainen

Ahonen

Yamashita

et al. 2000

Laboratory Investigation

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SUMMARY:The transcription factor Stat5a critically mediates prolactin (PRL)-induced mammary gland development and lactogenesis. PRL also stimulates growth and differentiation of prostate tissue. Specifically, hyperprolactinemia gives rise to prostate hyperplasia, and prostate size is reduced in PRL-deficient mice. We therefore investigated the importance of Stat5a for prostate development and function by examining Stat5a-null mice. The absence of Stat5a in mice was associated with a distinct prostate morphology characterized by an increased prevalence of local disorganization within acinar epithelium of ventral prostates. Affected acini were typically filled with desquamated, granular epithelial cells that had become embedded in dense, coagulated secretory material. These features were reminiscent of acinar cyst formation and degeneration frequently observed in human benign prostate hyperplasia, however, cystic changes in prostate acini of Stat5a-deficient mice were not associated with increased prostate size or morphologic hallmarks of epithelial hyperplasia. Instead, immunohistochemistry of the prostate-specific secretory marker, probasin, suggested that hypersecretory function of the epithelium could underlie local congestion and cyst formation in prostates of Stat5a-null mice. Serum testosterone and PRL levels were normal in Stat5a knockout mice, but prostate PRL receptor expression was reduced as determined by immunohistochemistry. Expression levels or activation states of other PRL signal transduction proteins, including Stat5b, Stat3, Stat1, ERK1, and ERK2 were not altered. The present study offers the first evidence for a direct role of Stat5a in the maintenance of normal tissue architecture and function of the mouse prostate. (Lab Invest 2000, 80:993-1006.

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“…Furthermore, Prl stimulates lactation and growth in mammary gland (1,2) by activating the expression of milk protein genes (3,4) and genes presumably necessary for proliferation of mammary cells (5)(6)(7). In prostate Prl has been presumed to have a role in the regulation of prostatic development, growth, and differentiation (8)(9)(10)(11). Our previous results showed that in organ culture of rat dorsal and lateral prostate Prl has a direct effect on morphology, on DNA labeling with [ 3 H]thymidine, and on the expression of prostatic tissue specific genes M-40 and RWB encoding secretory proteins (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin and prolactin receptors are expressed and functioning in human prostate.

Nevalainen¹,

Valve²,

Ingleton³

et al. 1997

J. Clin. Invest.

191

151

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Prolactin is widely expressed in different tissues, and it is presumed to have both local and systemic actions. In males it is known to influence reproductive functions but the significance and mechanisms of prolactin action in male accessory reproductive tissues are poorly understood. Here we show that prolactin acts as a direct growth and differentiation factor for human prostate, as measured by changes in DNA synthesis and epithelial morphology of organ cultures.

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Androgen-independent effects of prolactin on the different lobes of the immature rat prostate

Cited by 32 publications

References 43 publications

Effects of sulpiride on mRNA levels of steroid 5α‐reductase isozymes in prostate of adult rats

Effects of sulpiride on mRNA levels of steroid 5α‐reductase isozymes in prostate of adult rats

Epithelial Defect in Prostates of Stat5a-Null Mice

Prolactin and prolactin receptors are expressed and functioning in human prostate.

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