Andriake, Port of Myra: Remarks in Light of New Evidence

Abstract

The article is an overall assessment of the Port Settlement at Andriake, Myra, drawing upon architectural and small finds recovered during excavations undertaken at the sites from 2009 to 2012 and from 2016 to 2020. New evidence has revealed the cultural phases of Andriake throughout its history, shedding light, therefore, on the evolution of political, social, economic and daily life, and significantly contributing to our understanding of the settlement, as well as to our knowledge of Lycia.

Amphora Stamps of the Hellenistic and Roman Periods from Myra and its Harbor Neighborhood of Andriake

“…4 As a result of the Apameia Peace Treaty signed between Rome and Antiochus III in 150 Erkan Alkaç -Beste Tomay 188 BC, Lycia came under the rule of Rhodes. 5 Then independence was given back to Lycia by Rome in 167 BC. 6 It was thought that Tyberissos and Theimiussa were in a sympoliteia 7 with the demos they founded together in the Late Hellenistic period with the isopoliteia treaty 8 with Xanthos in the second century BC and that the chief mint of the Massikytos region could be in Myra during the Hellenistic Union period.…”

“…10 During the reign of Emperor Nero, the inscription with the customs law was placed in Andriake between AD 60-63, and building activities such as the horrea and commercial agora were carried out by Emperor Hadrian in AD 129. 11 It became one of the important harbor cities of the Mediterranean, which Gordian III allowed to mint coins. 12 With the spread of Christianity in the region, it became a religious and administrative capital by Emperor Theodosius II in AD 408-450.…”

“…11 It became one of the important harbor cities of the Mediterranean, which Gordian III allowed to mint coins. 12 With the spread of Christianity in the region, it became a religious and administrative capital by Emperor Theodosius II in AD 408-450. 13 The Arab raids, which started in the seventh century AD, continued in AD 789 and then occupied by the Abbasids in AD 802.…”

Andriake’den Oinophoros Cinsi İki Kabartmalı Seramik ve Düşündürdükleri

“…Myra'nın tarihine paralel olarak Klasik Dönem'de işlev kazanan Andriake limanı, Hellenistik, Roma ve Bizans Dönemi'nde de işlevini artırarak devam ettirmiştir (ayrıntılı bilgi için bk. Foss, 1994, s. 23-37;Takmer, 2006;Alkan, 2013;Akyürek, 2014;Aygün, 2018;Bulut & Şengül, 2014;Çevik, 2010a-b;Çevik, 2016;Çevik & Bulut, 2010;Çevik & Eshel, 2010;Çevik vd., 2010ab;Çevik vd., 2011;Çevik vd., 2012;Çevik vd., 2013;Çevik vd., 2014;Çevik vd., 2017;Çevik vd., 2018ab;Öz, 2020). 2009 yılından itibaren limanda yapılan kazı çalışmalarında az sayıda MS 11-13. yüzyıla tarihlenen buluntuyla karşılaşılsa da (Bulut & Şengül, 2014, s. 88), limanın MS 7. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru yoğun işlevini kaybettiği ve kısmen terkedildiği düşünülmektedir (Duggan & Aygün, 2010, s. 161;Bulut & Şengül, 2014, s. 88;Çevik vd., 2014, s. 225).…”