Andic properties in soils developed from nonvolcanic materials in Central Bhutan

The hidden ecological resource of andic soils in mountain ecosystems: evidence from Italy

“…This finding parallels similar ones in other parts of the world where mountain andic soils (not necessarily Andosols) have been reported in Bhutan (Baumler et al, 2005), in Brazil (Dümig et al, 2008), in California (Graham and O'Geen, 2010;Rasmussen et al, 2010), the Pacific Northwest, USA (McDaniel and Hipple, 2010), NW Spain (Estevez et al, 2016), and also in Italy (Iamarino and Terribile, 2008;Scarciglia et al, 2008;Vingiani et al, 2014).…”

“…in Bhutan: Baumler et al, 2005; in Brazil: Dümig et al, 2008;in California: Graham and O'Geen, 2010;Rasmussen et al, 2010; in the Pacific Northwest, USA: McDaniel and Hipple, 2010;in Spain: Estevez et al, 2016; and also in Italy: Iamarino and Terribile, 2008;Scarciglia et al, 2008;Vingiani et al, 2014;Raab et al, 2017;Mileti et al, 2017).…”

Geochemical investigation of soils developed in different lithologies in Bhutan, Eastern Himalayas

“…With pH KCl values below 5, low bulk densities and high contents of poorly crystallized pedogenic oxides (Fe o , Al o ), the profile is classified as a VetiAcroxic Andosol (Dystric). The occurrence and origins of andic features in non-volcanic soils in Bhutan are discussed in detail by Bäumler et al (2005).…”

“…Locally, fluvial and aeolian processes have contributed to massive soil profiles of up to 5 m depth. Soils of this zone often qualify as Cambisols according to WRB classification (ISSS, 1998), however orange-coloured non-volcanic Andosols frequently occur between 2200-3500 m (Bäumler et al, 2005). Leaching, acidification and podzolisation increase with altitude, and podzolised soils are most frequent from 3500 m to the tree line at about 4000 m (Baillie et al, 2004).…”

Soil Organic Carbon Stocks under Different Forest Types of Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests in Shimla District, Himachal Pradesh, India

“…The increase in SOC density with altitudinal zone was largely due to increase in SOC concentration with altitude resulting from higher OM inputs from above-and belowground biomass, slow decomposition due to low temperature (Trumbore et al, 1996) and more translocation of OC into deeper layer. The presence of non-volcanic andosolic soils in the upper altitudinal zones might have stabilized SOC by forming complexes probably promoted by the soil andic and spodic properties (Bäumler et al, 2005). The increase in SOC density with increasing altitude of the altitudinal zone is largely due to increase in SOC concentration (Griffiths et al, 2009).…”