Andean Leishmaniasis in Ecuador caused by Infection with Leishmania Mexicana and L. Major-Like Parasites

Hashiguchi, Yoshihisa; Gómez, Eduardo A.; Coronel, Vicenta Vera De; Mimori, Tatsuyuki; Kawabata, Masato; Furuya, Masato; Nonaka, Shigeo; Takaoka, H.; Alexander, James B.; Quizhpe, A. M.; Grimaldi, Gabriel; Kreutzer, Richard D.; Tesh, R. B.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1991.44.205

Cited by 65 publications

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“…ayacuchensis is a unique sand fly species distributing mainly in the Andean highlands of Ecuador and Peru (Takaoka et al, 1990;Caceres et al, 2004;Kato et al, 2005Kato et al, , 2008Gomez et al, 2014a,b). The species is a proven vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana in the Ecuadorian Andes (Takaoka et al, 1990;Hashiguchi et al, 1991;Kato et al, 2005Kato et al, , 2008Gomez et al, 2014a,b), whereas the same species transmits Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana in Andean areas of southern Peru (Caceres et al, 2004). The sand fly populations from Ecuador and Peru were indistinguishable by morphological observation and genomic analysis of the 18S rRNA genes and rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences (Kuwahara et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Genetic divergence in populations of Lutzomyia ayacuchensis, a vector of Andean-type cutaneous leishmaniasis, in Ecuador and Peru

et al. 2015

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Haplotype and gene network analyses were performed on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b gene sequences of Lutzomyia (Lu.) ayacuchensis populations from Andean areas of Ecuador and southern Peru where the sand fly species transmit Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana and Leishmania (Viannia) peruviana, respectively, and populations from the northern Peruvian Andes, for which transmission of Leishmania by Lu. ayacuchensis has not been reported. The haplotype analyses showed higher intrapopulation genetic divergence in northern Peruvian Andes populations and less divergence in the southern Peru and Ecuador populations, suggesting that a population bottleneck occurred in the latter populations, but not in former ones. Importantly, both haplotype and phylogenetic analyses showed that populations from Ecuador consisted of clearly distinct clusters from southern Peru, and the two populations were separated from those of northern Peru.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Hashiguchi et al, 1991;Caceres et al, 2004;Kato et al, 2005Kato et al, , 2008Gomez et al, 2014a,b). Initially, we suspected that sand flies from Ecuador and Peru may be closely related, but not identical species; however, they were indistinguishable after comparative morphologic classification and genomic analysis (Caceres, unpublished;Kuwahara et al, 2009).…”

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Genetic divergence in populations of Lutzomyia ayacuchensis, a vector of Andean-type cutaneous leishmaniasis, in Ecuador and Peru

et al. 2015

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“…The only incriminated vector species is Lu. ayacuchensis, and the ratio infected by L. (L.) mexicana is high (1-8%) in highland areas, which is uncommon in most endemic areas of Ecuador (Takaoka et al, 1990;Gomez and Hashiguchi, 1991;Hashiguchi et al, 1991;Kato et al, 2005Kato et al, , 2008a. Therefore, distribution of the vector species is a major risk factor for the endemicity of leishmaniasis.…”

Section: The Parasites Are Transmitted By Female Sand Flies Of the Gementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Andean highlands (Alausi, Chanchan, and Huigra), L. (L.) mexicana is endemic and Lu. ayacuchensis is incriminated as the vector species (Takaoka et al, 1990;Gomez and Hashiguchi, 1991;Hashiguchi et al, 1991;Kato et al, 2005Kato et al, , 2008a. No Andean type of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases caused by L. (L.) mexicana was reported in the lower areas, including Olympo, Ochoa, Naranjapata, and Ventura.…”

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Distribution of Lutzomyia ayacuchensis, the vector of Andean-type cutaneous leishmaniasis, at different altitudes on the Andean slope of Ecuador

et al. 2014

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Distribution of the vector species is a major risk factor for the endemicity of leishmaniasis. In the present study, the vertical distribution of Lutzomyia (Lu.) ayacuchensis, the vector of Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana in the Ecuadorian Andes was surveyed at different altitudes (300-2,500 m above sea level) of the Andean slope. The vector species Lu. ayacuchensis was identified at an altitude of 650 m and a higher areas, and higher distribution ratio of the species was observed at higher altitudes.In addition, high ratios of L. (L.) mexicana infection were detected in higher areas, but none in lower populations of sand flies. Since an association between sand fly populations and vector competence is suggested in Lu. ayacuchensis, haplotype analysis was performed on the species from different altitudes of the study areas; however, no apparent difference was observed among populations. These results suggested that Lu. ayacuchensis in Andean slope areas of Ecuador has the potential to transmit L. (L.) mexicana and spread leishmaniasis in these areas.

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Leishmaniasis

Halpert

Rodríguez

Hernández

2011

Harper's Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology

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Andean Leishmaniasis in Ecuador caused by Infection with Leishmania Mexicana and L. Major-Like Parasites

Abstract: Abstract. Between 1986 and 1988,epidemiologic

Cited by 65 publications

References 6 publications

Genetic divergence in populations of Lutzomyia ayacuchensis, a vector of Andean-type cutaneous leishmaniasis, in Ecuador and Peru

Genetic divergence in populations of Lutzomyia ayacuchensis, a vector of Andean-type cutaneous leishmaniasis, in Ecuador and Peru

Distribution of Lutzomyia ayacuchensis, the vector of Andean-type cutaneous leishmaniasis, at different altitudes on the Andean slope of Ecuador

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