and Functional Significance in the NewClassification of Primary Liver Cancers

Lo, Ronald; Ng, Irene Oi Lin

doi:10.1159/000343844

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…CSCs have been identified in primary liver cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CC). A cumulative body of evidence suggests that these liver cancers can originate from CSCs which themselves may be derived from hepatic stem/progenitor cells (HPCs) upon genetic deregulation of stem cell self-renewal pathway ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Stem Cells in Primary Liver Cancers: Pathological Concepts and Imaging Findings

2015

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There is accumulating evidence that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an integral role in the initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis and the maintaining of tumor growth. Liver CSCs derived from hepatic stem/progenitor cells have the potential to differentiate into either hepatocytes or cholangiocytes. Primary liver cancers originating from CSCs constitute a heterogeneous histopathologic spectrum, including hepatocellular carcinoma, combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with various radiologic manifestations. In this article, we reviewed the recent concepts of CSCs in the development of primary liver cancers, focusing on their pathological and radiological findings. Awareness of the pathological concepts and imaging findings of primary liver cancers with features of CSCs is critical for accurate diagnosis, prediction of outcome, and appropriate treatment options for patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Stem Cells in Primary Liver Cancers: Pathological Concepts and Imaging Findings

2015

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“…Thus, the pathological examination of HCCs is moving forward from a purely morphological approach to a more integrated one that provides important functionally and clinically relevant information, and the search for novel morphological or immunophenotypic HCC subtypes that possibly correspond to the various molecular subclasses and have prognostic/therapeutic implications has been gaining momentum over the past several years. The expression of immunohistochemical markers associated with hepatic stem/progenitor cells in HCC is an important example; there is accumulating evidence that the expression of ‘stemness'-related markers in HCCs is associated with an aggressive clinical behavior compared to conventional HCCs (without the expression of stemness-related markers) [4,7,8,9,10,11,12]. HCCs expressing stemness-related markers are being increasingly recognized, both in surgically resected specimens and in needle biopsies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocellular Carcinomas Expressing ‘Stemness'-Related Markers: Clinicopathological Characteristics

Kim

Park

2014

Dig Dis

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is heterogeneous in histopathology, pathogenesis and biological behavior. There is accumulating evidence that the expression of ‘stemness'-related markers such as K19, EpCAM and CD133 in HCC is associated with an aggressive biological behavior and poor clinical outcome compared to conventional HCCs that do not express stemness-related markers. Compared to conventional HCCs, these tumors more frequently demonstrate infiltrative growth patterns, vascular invasion and more intratumoral fibrous stroma, and there is a spectrum of morphological and immunophenotypic features between HCCs with stemness-related marker expression, scirrhous HCCs and combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma with stem cell features. Clinically, HCCs with stemness-related marker expression are associated with increased serum α-fetoprotein levels and a poor prognosis, and are also beginning to be noticed radiologically. These tumors have also been recognized as a specific subtype in recent molecular classifications, and increasing interest in the molecular pathogenesis of HCCs with stemness-related marker expression will shed light on the development of targeted therapy for these tumors. Therefore, it is important that pathologists identify HCCs expressing stemness-related markers such as K19 during routine pathological evaluation of surgically resected or biopsied HCC tissue, as it will help to identify a high-risk subgroup of HCCs characterized by increased chemoresistance, earlier recurrence after surgical and/or locoregional treatment, increased invasiveness/metastasis and poor overall survival. We will discuss the clinicopathological characteristics of a HCC subtype expressing stemness-related markers and its future perspectives.

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“…Molecular classification is a well-recognized system of HCC subclassification that classifies HCC based on the presence/absence of stem cell features [114,115,116]. This subclassification is also useful in determining future treatment targets and strategies.…”

Section: Subclassification Of Hccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Clinical Research on Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Kudo

Kitano

Sakurai

et al. 2015

Dig Dis

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Challenges of clinical practice and research on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were reviewed. There are several differences in clinical practice between Japan and the Western countries such as tumor markers, understanding of pathological early HCC, imaging diagnosis, treatment strategy, staging system and subclassification of HCC. Further studies are warranted for the clinical practices of Japan to be adopted in the rest of the world.

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and Functional Significance in the NewClassification of Primary Liver Cancers

Cited by 36 publications

References 43 publications

Cancer Stem Cells in Primary Liver Cancers: Pathological Concepts and Imaging Findings

Cancer Stem Cells in Primary Liver Cancers: Pathological Concepts and Imaging Findings

Hepatocellular Carcinomas Expressing ‘Stemness'-Related Markers: Clinicopathological Characteristics

Challenges of Clinical Research on Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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