Ancient mitochondrial DNA from the northern fringe of the Neolithic farming expansion in Europe sheds light on the dispersion process

Malmström, Helena; Linderholm, Anna; Skoglund, Pontus; Storå, Jan; Sjödin, Per; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Holmlund, Gunilla; Willerslev, Eske; Jakobsson, Mattias; Lidén, Kerstin; Götherström, Anders

doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0373

Cited by 71 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This is an unusual case of cultural transmission (Jerardino et al 2014). Other prehistoric economic transitions have been shown to be largely driven by demic diffusion (Gignoux et al 2011;Fort 2012;Skoglund et al 2014;Lazaridis et al 2014;Malmström et al 2015). Recent analysis of Europe provides a case study of demic diffusion, which appears far more complex than initially hypothesized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Fine-scale human population structure in southern Africa reflects ecogeographic boundaries

Uren¹,

Kim²,

Martin³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Recent genetic studies have established that the KhoeSan populations of southern Africa are distinct from all other African populations and have remained largely isolated during human prehistory until about 2,000 years ago. Dozens of different KhoeSan groups exist, belonging to three different language families, but very little is known about their population history. We examine new genome-wide polymorphism data and whole mitochondrial genomes for more than one hundred South Africans from the ≠Khomani San and Nama populations of the Northern Cape, analyzed in conjunction with 19 additional southern African populations. Our analyses reveal fine-scale population structure in and around the Kalahari Desert. Surprisingly, this structure does not always correspond to linguistic or subsistence categories as previously suggested, but rather reflects the role of geographic barriers and the ecology of the greater Kalahari Basin. Regardless of subsistence strategy, the indigenous Khoe-speaking Nama pastoralists and the N|u-speaking ≠Khomani (formerly hunter-gatherers) share ancestry with other Khoe-speaking forager populations that form a rim around the Kalahari Desert. We reconstruct earlier migration patterns and estimate that the southern Kalahari populations were among the last to experience gene flow from Bantuspeakers, approximately 14 generations ago. We conclude that local adoption of pastoralism, at least by the Nama, appears to have been primarily a cultural process with limited genetic impact from eastern Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Fine-scale human population structure in southern Africa reflects ecogeographic boundaries

Uren¹,

Kim²,

Martin³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…pottery resembling the Funnel beakers in shape. Analysis of ancient genomes from PWC and megalithic Middle Neolithic TRB context in Central Sweden has shown that PWC individuals retain the genetic signature of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers while the TRB farmers' ancestry can mainly be traced back to Central European farmers, albeit with substantial admixture from European hunter-gatherers [18][19][20] The production and use of pottery, in Central and southern Europe often seen as part of the 'Neolithic package', was already common among foragers in Scandinavia during the preceding Mesolithic Ertebølle phase. Similarly in the eastern Baltic, where foraging continued to be the main form of subsistence until at least 4,000 calBCE 15 , ceramics technology was adopted before agriculture.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Genetic History of Northern Europe

Mittnik

Wang

Pfrengle

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Recent ancient DNA studies have revealed that the genetic history of modern Europeans was shaped by a series of migration and admixture events between deeply diverged groups. While these events are well described in Central and Southern Europe, genetic evidence from Northern Europe surrounding the Baltic Sea is still sparse. Here we report genome-wide DNA data from 24 ancient North Europeans ranging from ~7,500 to 200 calBCE spanning the transition from a hunter-gatherer to an agricultural lifestyle, as well as the adoption of bronze metallurgy. We show that Scandinavia was settled after the retreat of the glacial ice sheets from a southern and a northern route, and that the first Scandinavian Neolithic farmers derive their ancestry from Anatolia 1000 years earlier than previously demonstrated. The range of Western European Mesolithic hunter-gatherers extended to the east of the Baltic Sea, where these populations persisted without gene-flow from Central European farmers until around 2,900 calBCE when the arrival of steppe pastoralists introduced a major . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under aThe copyright holder for this preprint (which was . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/113241 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Mar. 3, 2017; 2 shift in economy and established wide-reaching networks of contact within the Corded Ware Complex.Recent genetic studies of ancient human genomes have revealed a complex population history of modern Europeans involving at least three major prehistoric migrations [1][2][3][4][5][6] that were influenced by climatic conditions and availability of resources as well as the spread of technological and cultural innovations and possibly diseases 7,8 . However, how and when they affected the populations of the very north of the European continent surrounding today's Baltic Sea, where the archeological record shows a distinct history to that of Central and Southern Europe, has yet to be comprehensively studied on a genomic level. The archeological record of the eastern Baltic and Scandinavia shows that settlement by mobile foragers started only after retreat of the glacial ice sheets around 11,000 years before present 9 . To the west and south, hunter-gatherers (Western HunterGatherers or WHG) sharing a common genetic signature already occupied wide ranges of Europe from Iberia to Hungary for several millennia 1,2,5,10,11 . They were shown to be descended from foragers appearing in Europe after around 14,000 years ago in a population turnover coinciding with the warming period of the Bølling-Allerød interstadial, possibly emerging from a southern refugium they inhabited since the Glacial Maximum and replacing preceding foraging populations 5,12 . From further to the east in the territory of today's Russia, remains of Mesolithic foragers (Eastern Hunter-gatherers or EHG) have been studied 2,4 . They derived the majority of their ancestry, referred to as Ancient North Eurasian ancestry (ANE), from a population related t...

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“…Other prehistoric economic transitions have been shown to be largely driven by demic diffusion Fort 2012;Lazaridis et al 2014;Skoglund et al 2014;Malmström et al 2015). Recent analysis of Europe provides a case study of demic diffusion, which appears far more complex than initially hypothesized.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-Scale Human Population Structure in Southern Africa Reflects Ecogeographic Boundaries

et al. 2016

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Recent genetic studies have established that the KhoeSan populations of southern Africa are distinct from all other African populations and have remained largely isolated during human prehistory until 2000 years ago. Dozens of different KhoeSan groups exist, belonging to three different language families, but very little is known about their population history. We examine new genomewide polymorphism data and whole mitochondrial genomes for .100 South Africans from the 6 ¼Khomani San and Nama populations of the Northern Cape, analyzed in conjunction with 19 additional southern African populations. Our analyses reveal fine-scale population structure in and around the Kalahari Desert. Surprisingly, this structure does not always correspond to linguistic or subsistence categories as previously suggested, but rather reflects the role of geographic barriers and the ecology of the greater Kalahari Basin. Regardless of subsistence strategy, the indigenous Khoe-speaking Nama pastoralists and the N|u-speaking 6 ¼Khomani (formerly hunter-gatherers) share ancestry with other Khoe-speaking forager populations that form a rim around the Kalahari Desert. We reconstruct earlier migration patterns and estimate that the southern Kalahari populations were among the last to experience gene flow from Bantu speakers, 14 generations ago. We conclude that local adoption of pastoralism, at least by the Nama, appears to have been primarily a cultural process with limited genetic impact from eastern Africa.

show abstract

Ancient mitochondrial DNA from the northern fringe of the Neolithic farming expansion in Europe sheds light on the dispersion process

Cited by 71 publications

References 53 publications

Fine-scale human population structure in southern Africa reflects ecogeographic boundaries

Fine-scale human population structure in southern Africa reflects ecogeographic boundaries

The Genetic History of Northern Europe

Fine-Scale Human Population Structure in Southern Africa Reflects Ecogeographic Boundaries

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