Ancient DNA from the First European Farmers in 7500-Year-Old Neolithic Sites

Haak, Wolfgang; Forster, Peter; Bramanti, Barbara; Matsumura, Shuichi; Brandt, Guido; Tänzer, Marc; Villems, Richard; Renfrew, Colin; Gronenborn, Detlef; Alt, Kurt W.; Bürger, Joachim

doi:10.1126/science.1118725

Cited by 450 publications

(191 citation statements)

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“…The PCA and MDS show that the mtDNA composition of the STA and LBKT is strikingly similar to the LBK [36][37][38][39], eastern Hungarian Neolithic dataset [36,41,52] and to subsequent populations of the fifth/fourth millennia BC in Central Europe [39] (figure 2; electronic supplementary material, figures S1 -S3, datasets S7 -S10). This is predominately based on a high number of lineages attributed to the 'Neolithic package' and low frequencies of hunter-gatherers lineages, which clearly distinguish the cluster of farmers not only from hunter-gatherers of Central/North [28 -30,41] and southwestern Europe [32, 47,48], but also from Neolithic Iberian populations [44,45,47,48,50] and Central European cultures of the third/second millennia BC [39,49,51].…”

Section: Results (A) Mitochondrial Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the genetic origin of Europe's first farmers reveals insights into their social organization

et al. 2015

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Farming was established in Central Europe by the Linearbandkeramik culture (LBK), a well-investigated archaeological horizon, which emerged in the Carpathian Basin, in today's Hungary. However, the genetic background of the LBK genesis is yet unclear. Here we present 9 Y chromosomal and 84 mitochondrial DNA profiles from Mesolithic, Neolithic Starčevo and LBK sites (seventh/sixth millennia BC) from the Carpathian Basin and southeastern Europe. We detect genetic continuity of both maternal and paternal elements during the initial spread of agriculture, and confirm the substantial genetic impact of early southeastern European and Carpathian Basin farming cultures on Central European populations of the sixth-fourth millennia BC. Comprehensive Y chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA population genetic analyses demonstrate a clear affinity of the early farmers to the modern Near East and Caucasus, tracing the expansion from that region through southeastern Europe and the Carpathian Basin into Central Europe. However, our results also reveal contrasting patterns for male and female genetic diversity in the European Neolithic, suggesting a system of patrilineal descent and patrilocal residential rules among the early farmers.

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Section: Results (A) Mitochondrial Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the genetic origin of Europe's first farmers reveals insights into their social organization

et al. 2015

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“…In equilibrium resource competition the species, which depletes a specific resource more than its competitor, must depend on that specific resource more strongly to establish a coexistence-stabilizing rare advantage. Weak differentiation results in weak robustness against environmentally induced relative advantage/disadvantage between the species -a well known, but rarely stressed, phenomenon on the Lotka-Volterra model (Vandermeer 1975;May 1973, Fig. 6.4 on p. 158).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Krebs (2001), p. 288 andMeszéna et al (2006), we will refer to these variables as regulating factors/variables. Following the lead of May (1973), Vandermeer (1975) and Abrams (1983), Meszéna et al (2006) proved in a model-independent way that increasing similarity between the populations makes their coexistence less likely, i.e. more sensitive to the perturbation of external parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence in a fluctuating environment by the effect of relative nonlinearity: A minimal model

Szilágyi

Meszéna

2010

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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The minimal model of the "relative nonlinearity" type fluctuation-maintained coexistence is investigated. The competing populations are affected by an environmental white noise. With quadratic density dependence, the long-term growth rates of the populations are determined by the average and the variance of the (fluctuating) total density. At most two species can coexist on these two "regulating" variables; competitive exclusion would ensue in a constant environment. A numerical study of the expected time until extinction of any of the two species reveals that the criterion of mutual invasibility predicts the parameter-range of long-term coexistence correctly in the limit of zero extinction threshold. However, any extinction threshold consistent with a realistic population size will allow only short-term coexistence. Therefore, our simulations question the biological relevance of mutual invasibility, as a sufficient condition of coexistence, for large density fluctuations. We calculate the average and the variance of the fluctuating density of the coexisting populations analytically via the moment-closure approximation; the results are reasonably close to the simulated behavior. Based on this treatment, robustness of coexistence is studied in the limit of infinite population size. We interpret the results of this analysis in the context of necessity of niche segregation with respect to the regulating variables using a framework theory published earlier.

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“…We start from May's observation (May, 1973(May, , 1974 that the more similar two species are, the more narrow is the range of K 1 /K 2 permitting coexistence (May, 1973; K 1 and K 2 stand for the two carrying capacities. See also a similar analysis by Vandermeer, 1975, which uses the intrinsic growth rates, instead of the carrying capacities as a reference.) We generalize this statement beyond its original framework of a Lotka-Volterra type model and to an arbitrary number of species.…”

Section: No 78 Hanski I Heino M: Metapopulation-level Adaptation Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The competition coefficients used in the conventional Lotka-Volterra formulation are a ij /a ii (see e.g. Vandermeer, 1975).…”

Section: Basics Of the Linear Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive exclusion and limiting similarity: A unified theory

Meszéna

Gyllenberg

Pásztor

et al. 2006

Theoretical Population Biology

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Ancient DNA from the First European Farmers in 7500-Year-Old Neolithic Sites

Cited by 450 publications

References 20 publications

Tracing the genetic origin of Europe's first farmers reveals insights into their social organization

Tracing the genetic origin of Europe's first farmers reveals insights into their social organization

Coexistence in a fluctuating environment by the effect of relative nonlinearity: A minimal model

Competitive exclusion and limiting similarity: A unified theory

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