Ancient Coal Fires on the Southwestern Periphery of the Kuznetsk Basin, West Siberia, Russia

Novikova, Sophia A.; Sokol, Ellina V.; Novikov, I.S.; Травин, А. В.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59509-6.00019-3

Cited by 2 publications

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References 14 publications

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“…The most common subsurface fires occur in peat beds [3][4][5], coal deposits [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], dumps from coal mines [13][14][15], mud volcanoes [16][17][18] and bituminous sediments [2,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. A particular case of subsurface fires is described in lakes with predominantly diatomitic sedimentation that are desiccated during drought periods [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrometamorphic Rocks in the Molinicos Basin (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain): Insights into the Generation of Cordierite Paralavas

et al. 2019

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A singular thermal anomaly occurred in the Molinicos Miocene, lacustrine, intramontane basin (Betic Cordillera). This gave place to vitreous vesicular materials (paralavas) and baked rocks (clinker) inside of a sequence of marly diatomites and limestones. The chemical composition of the paralavas (SiO 2 = 52-57, Al 2 O 3 ≈ 20, Fe 2 O 3 = 10-20, K 2 O + Na 2 O < 2.5, CaO < 4.5, and MgO < 1.5, % in weight), which is very different from typical igneous rocks, and their high-T mineralogy (cordierite, sillimanite, anorthite, mullite, and high-T silica polymorphs) suggest that they formed during a pyrometamorphic event. The occurrence of dry intervals in the lacustrine depositional system, the high Total Organic Carbon contents (>4% in weight) of dark clay layers and the existence of tectonic fractures give the right context for a combustion process. Short-term heating favoured the generation of paralavas, clinker and marbles. Thermodynamic modelling constrains the onset of melting at 870-920 • C for <10 MPa at equilibrium conditions. However, the presence of tridymite and/or cristobalite in clinker and paralavas and the compositional variation in both rock types suggests that the temperature at which first melting occurred ranged between 870 • C and 1260 • C due to melt fractionation processes.Minerals 2019, 9, 748 2 of 24 evacuation of combustion products [22]. At the same time, thermal isolation is necessary to accumulate locally enough heat until an activation threshold is reached [29]. Thus, depth and extension of the fires are commonly restricted to some tens of square metres, limited in addition by the position of the water table. However, much larger areas have been described reaching hundreds of square kilometres [22].During combustion metamorphism, the sedimentary rocks around the ignition foci are subjected to certain changes in addition to common dehydration, and decarbonation in case CaCO 3 is present. Firstly, the rocks are hardened and, later, they become sintered and recrystallised producing a ceramic texture. The colour of the rocks is also progressively changed from yellow to more intense orange and red, due to iron oxidation, and finally even grey and black when reducing conditions are reached. In any case, this intense thermal metamorphism triggers only limited fusion of the sediments. The released melts may flow along fractures but usually undergo fast cooling producing small amounts of glass with particular mineral assemblages and textures similar to those of fine-grained volcanic rocks. These rocks, which show features and parageneses merging with those of igneous rocks, are called paralavas and the associated baked or partially melted sedimentary rocks are denominated clinker e.g., [24,[31][32][33][34]. According to Cosca and Essene [35] the mineral assemblages produced in paralavas are partly a function of the temperature, degree of partial melting, and oxidation state related to local gas buffers, in addition to the original bulk composition of the sedimentary protolith. Fast heating and subs...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrometamorphic Rocks in the Molinicos Basin (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain): Insights into the Generation of Cordierite Paralavas

et al. 2019

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First radiometric dating of tonsteins from coal-bearing succession of the Kuznetsk Basin: U-Pb geochronology of the Tailugan Formation

Silantiev,

Gutak,

Tichomirowa

et al. 2023

Georesursy

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Tonsteins, predominantly solid kaolinite clay interbeds, are widespread in the coals of the Kuznetsk Basin and usually contain idiomorphic zircon grains of magmatic origin in quantities suitable for uranium-lead (U-Pb) radiometric dating. For the first time, tonstein zircons from coal seam 78 of the Tailugan Formation (Fm) are dated by two methods: Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and Chemical Abrasion Isotope-Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS). The CA-ID-TIMS datings of 257.0 ± 1.3 Ma and 256.6 ± 0.4 Ma determine the age of the lower boundary of the Tailugan Fm and the Tailuganian Regional Stage at 257.0 Ma. We estimate the duration of the Tailuganian to be around 4.22 million years. The dating results make it possible to directly correlate the Tailuganian of the Kuzbass with the upper half of the Wuchiapingian and with most of the Changhsingian of the International Chronostratigraphic Scale. The accumulation rate of total sediments of the Tailugan Fm, calculated without considering the compaction index, is approximately 0.13–0.18 mm/year, and the rate of coal accumulation is 0.024 mm/year. Such values are comparable to the accumulation rates of the Late Paleozoic coal-bearing strata of the Donetsk Basin and Western Australia. The rate of peat accumulation during the Tailuganian, calculated at a compaction index of 10:1, has been estimated at 0.24 mm/year. This value is comparable to the rates of peat accumulation in the Holocene bogs of the Kuznetsk Alatau in Siberia and the European part of Russia. The presence of tonsteins in the coal seams of the Tailugan Fm suggests that the upper surface of the peat at the time of its accumulation was below the water level, serving as a protective screen for the thin volcanic deposits and preventing its erosion. The assemblages of macroflora, ostracods, conchostracans and bivalves considerably vary through the section of the Tailugan Fm. This variation makes it possible to identify in Kuzbass the stratigraphic level that corresponds to the boundary between the Wuchiapingian and Changhsingian stages in the future.

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Ancient Coal Fires on the Southwestern Periphery of the Kuznetsk Basin, West Siberia, Russia

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Pyrometamorphic Rocks in the Molinicos Basin (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain): Insights into the Generation of Cordierite Paralavas

Pyrometamorphic Rocks in the Molinicos Basin (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain): Insights into the Generation of Cordierite Paralavas

First radiometric dating of tonsteins from coal-bearing succession of the Kuznetsk Basin: U-Pb geochronology of the Tailugan Formation

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Ancient Coal Fires on the Southwestern Periphery of the Kuznetsk Basin, West Siberia, Russia

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Pyrometamorphic Rocks in the Molinicos Basin (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain): Insights into the Generation of Cordierite Paralavas

Pyrometamorphic Rocks in the Molinicos Basin (Betic Cordillera, SE Spain): Insights into the Generation of Cordierite Paralavas

First radiometric dating of tonsteins from coal-bearing succession of the Kuznetsk Basin: U-Pb geochronology of the Tailugan Formation

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First radiometric dating of tonsteins from coal-bearing succession of the Kuznetsk Basin: U-Pb geochronology of the Tailugan Formation